| Term | Definition |
|---|
| DNA | Double stranded polymer. Made of nucleotides, carries genetic information |
| Bacteriophage | A bacteria infecting agent |
| Isotope | Different atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. |
| Radioisotope | Unstable isotope that emits radiation sporadically while decaying. |
| Deoxyribose sugar | Contains 5 carbons. Lost the -OH (hydroxyl group) on it's 2' carbon. |
| Phosphate group | 4 oxygen atoms surroudned by a phosphorous. Found in the backbone of DNA. |
| Nitrogenous base | Alkaline, cyclic molecule containing nitrogen. |
| Glycosyl bond | Bond between a sugar and another organic molecule by way of an intervening nitrogen or oxygen atom. |
| Nucleotides | Molecules tha consist of a 5-carbon sugar with a nitrogenous base attached to their 1' carbon and a phosphate attached to their 5' carbon. |
| Antiparallel | Parallel, but running in opposite directions. The 5' end of one strand of DNA aligns with the 3' end of the other strand in a double-helix. |
| Complementary base pairing | Pairing of the nitrogenous base of one strand of DNA with the nitrogenous base of another strand |
| Mitosis | Cell division. |
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm and organelles of a cell into 2 daughter cells. |
| DNA Helicase | Unwinds double-helical DNA by disrupting hydrogen bons |
| Anneal | The pairing of strands of DNA through hydrogen bonding. |
| Replication bubble | Region where 2 replication forks are close together. |
| Replication fork | Region where enzymes replicating a DNA molecule are bound to untwisted, single-stranded DNA |
| DNA Gyrase | Enzyme. Relieves tension produced during DNA unwinding. |
| Single-stranded binding protein | SSBP. A protein, keeps separated strands of DNA apart. |
| DNA Polymerase III | Enzyme. Responsible for synthesizing complementary strands of DNA during DNA replication. |
| RNA primer | Sequence of RNA primers bound to a region of single-stranded DNA to initiate DNA replication. |
| Leading strand | New strand of DNA continuously synthesized during DNA replication. |
| Primase | Enzyme. Builds RNA primers. |
| Lagging strand | New strand of DNA that is synthesized in short fragments, which are later joined together. |
| DNA Polymerase I | Enzyme. Removes RNA primers and replaces them with the appropriate nucleotides during DNA replication. |
| Okazaki fragments | Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. |
| Exonuclease | Cuts out nucleotides at the end of a DNA strand. |
| DNA ligase | Joins DNA fragments together by catalyzing the formation of a bond between the 3' hydroxyl group and a 5' phosphate group on the sugar-phosphate backbones. |
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