| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Isomer | Molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different arrangement of atoms. |
| Phosphorylation | Attaching a phosphate group to an organic molecule. |
| Oxidation | A chemical reaction in which an atom loses one or more electrons. |
| Reduction | A chemical reaction in which an atom gains one or more electrons. |
| Oligosaccharides | Sugars containing several simple sugars attached to one another using glycosydic linkages. |
| Polysaccharides | Monosaccharide polymers composed of subunits held together by glycosydic linkages. |
| Glycosidic linkages | Covalent bonds holding monosaccharides together, formulated by a condensation reaction; Uses H atom from hydroxyl of one sugar and OH from hydroxyl of another sugar. |
| Cellular Respiration formula | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP |
| Cristae | The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| Mitochondrial Matrix | The fluid that fills the interior space of the mitchondrion. |
| Electrochemical gradient | A concentration gradient created by pumping ions into a space surrounded by a membrane that is impermeable to the ions. |
| Chemiosmosis | A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. |
| Pyruvate Oxidation | Produces acetyl-CoA for the Krebs Cycle. |
| Glycolysis | Happens in the cytoplasm. Breaks down a glucose into 2 pyruvate. |
| Krebs Cycle | Happens in the mitochondrial matrix. Produces oxaloacetate. |
| Electron Transport Chain | Happens in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Produces NAD+, FAD+, H+, ATP, and H2O. |
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