| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cyclorrhapha | Hover flies |
| Cyclorrhapha (Hover flies) | mimics of bees/wasps; eat aphids; important pollenators |
| Dung flies (several families) | northern temperate dung |
| Drosophilidae | fruit flies! |
| Brachycera | Horse flies, Robber flies, Soldier flies, Bee flies, Dance flies |
| Horse flies | large, biting flies, bite for food |
| Robber flies | huters of mid-flight insects; long legs for catching, strong proboscis; hairs to protect eyes |
| Soldier flies | pollen/nectar feeders as adults; larva have CaCO₃ thickened skin |
| Bee flies | large flies with a thin proboscis; nectar feeders; 2 distinct larval stages; worm-like larvae crawl into burrow of solitary wasp, eats stored pollen, then becomes a maggot, eats wasp young, then metamorphoses, leaves |
| Dance flies | look and act like robber flies; differences: eyes bluge less, larvae are carniverous |
| Nematocera | mosquitoes; small, delicate flies; long legs, antennae, long, thin wings; many are ancient; |
| Diptera | true flies; if wings present: only 1 pair + halteres; |
| ___ --> hatches into grub --> ___ --> pupates --> ___ | egg --> ___ --> grows, sheds skin ---> ___ --> adult fly |
| holometabolous | undergoing complete metamorphosis |
| Nematocera | larva with complete head and horizontally biting mandibles; pupa obtect, generally free, antennae of adults usually many segmented; pleural suture of mesothorax generally straight |
| Brachycera | larva with incomplete head and vertically biting mandibles; pupa obtect, generally free; antennae of adult generally three segmented; pleural suture of mesothorax twice bent |
| Cyclorrhapha | larva with vestigial head; pupa exarate, usually in a puparium; antennae of adult with three segments; pleural suture twice bent; head with frontal lunule and a ptilinum |
| obtect | Having the wings and appendages enclosed or covered by a secretion that forms a hard shell or horny case, as the pupae of most butterflies and moths. |
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