| Term | Definition |
| Hymenoptera | second largest insect group; apodous larvae; exarate pupae; cocoon; smaller hind wings than fore wings; usu. biting mouth parts; usu. thin waisted; ovipositor always present; parasitism is common |
| apodous | without legs |
| exarate | free appendages (not glued to body) |
| imagos | adult members of Hymenoptera |
| Aculeates | stinging insects: Bees, ants, wasps, as well as some smaller groups |
| Family names of ants, bees, wasps | Formicoidae; Apoidea; Vespoidea, Sphecoidea |
| Solitary bees | fossils back to Cenozoic; primary pollinators of insect-pollinated plants |