MWT&D Test: The Enlightenment and the French Revolution
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Man's leaving behind his self-caused immaturity. | How did Immanuel Kant define the Enlightenment? |
| Reason, natural law, hope, progress | What were four terms that Enlightenment thinkers used to describe the atmosphere of the 18th century? |
| popularized science | What was Bernard de Fontanelle famous for? |
| Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia | The discovery of what Pacific lands led to the concept of "cultural relativism"? |
| Minds are blank slates. Knowledge comes from the environment. | What is John Locke's "tabula rasa" philosophy? |
| Enlightenment intellectuals | Who were the philosophes? |
| philosopers, literary figures, professors, journalists, statesmen, economists, political scientists | What were some of the philosophes' actual professions? |
| used pseudonyms, published in different countries, used code words for things | How did the philosophes avoid state censorship? |
| Republics (good for small states), Monarchies (good for medium sized states), Despotism (good for large empires) | According to Montesquieu, what were the three basic types of government? |
| food shortages, unemployment, poverty | In the 1700s, the fast-growing population in France led to... (3 things) |
| the church, the king | What two absolute authorities did the Enlightenment challenge? |
| budget | A ____ crisis in the 1780s sparked the French Revolution. |
| equal rights, opportunity | The Third Estate of the Estates General demanded a society based on ______ ____ and ___________. |
| "What is the Third Estate?" | What did Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes write? |
| Louis XVI | Who was the French king during the time of the Revolution? |
| National Assembly | On June 17, 1789, the Third estate declared itself the _________ ________; the one true government of France. |
| Tennis Court Oath | When the King closed the assembly room, the representatives met and took the ________ _____ ____. |
| Bastille | What jail/armory did the Parisians storm in search of weapons? |
| Austria, Spain, england | To what countries did the French nobles flee during the uprising? (3 countries) |
| The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | What document provided the preamble to France's new constitution? |
| "liberty, equality, and fraternity" | What three terms became the slogan of the French Revolution? |
| women | To whom did Olympe de Gouges extend the freedoms of the Revolution? |
| marched on the Versailles Palaces and forced the royal family to go to Paris with them | What did Parisian women do in October in 1789 as a reaction against rising bread prices? |
| Austria | In June 1791, the king and his family tried to escape to the country of ______. |
| constitutional monarchy | What kind of government did the Constitution of 1791 put in place? |
| separation of powers | What idea was Baron Montesquieu famous for? |
| The Encyclopedia | What did Diderot write? |
| social science | The Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume promoted the study of ____ ____. |
| Physiocrats | What were the economists who believed in natural economic laws called? |
| 1) Land = wealth; 2) Opposed mercantilism; 3) No government intervention in the economy | What were three basic tenets of the Physiocrats' economic theory? |
| happy | According to Rousseau, people start out _____. |
| the protection of private property | According to Rousseau, the government exists for _____________________________. |
| people obey, government protects the people | What is Rousseau's "social contract" idea? |
| children should pursue their individual curiosities | What was the basic point behind "Emile", Rousseau's treatise on education? |
| Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft | What two women were crucial in the feminist movement of the Enlightenment? |
| American | The ________ Revolution was also founded on Enlightenment concepts. |
| defending homeland, alliance with France, war was unpopular in England, best military leadership remained in England | What were some of America's advantages during the Revolutionary War? |
| British army was organized and experienced, best Navy attacked America, American ranks weren't unified, financial issues | What were some of America's disadvantages during the Revolutionary War? |
| church officials were elected; church officials had to swear an oath of allegiance to the government | What were two effects of the Civil Constitution of Clergy? |
| Legislative Assembly | What did the National Assembly become under the Constitution of 1791? |
| a radical political party that dominated French politics during the Reign of Terror | Who were the Jacobins? |
| He tried to escape to Austria. | What made the French people lose trust in Louis XVI? |
| Austria and Prussia | What two countries opposed the Revolution in France? |
| declared war on France; Austria and Prussia | What did the Declaration of Pillintz say, and who signed it? |
| Jacobins, Paris Commune, Sans-culottes | What were the three major radical political factions in France? |
| Danton, Marat, Robespierre | Which three men dominated French politics during the Reign of Terror? |
| National Convention | What was the Legislative Assembly renamed as? |
| 1) Abolishes monarchy and makes France a republic, 2) Decides the fate of the king, 3) Executes the king | What three major things does the National Convention do? |
| European Coalition | What was the group of countries called who banded together to stop the Revolution in France? |
| executions of those who disagreed with the republic | What was the Reign of Terror? |
| Virtue is useless without terror, and terror is immoral without virtue | What was Robespierre's "republic of virtue" idea? |
| price control | How did the radicals fix the problem of bread prices? |
| removed the "Saint" from street names, called Notre Dame "the Temple of Reason," made a new calendar | What did people do to de-Christianize French society during the Revolution? |
| abolished | The radicals ________ slavery in 1791. |
| Maximilian Robespierre | The Reign of Terror ended with __________ __________'s execution in 1794. |
| curtailed the power of the Comittee for Public Safety, re-opened churches | What did the Thermidorian Reaction do? |
| National Legislative Assembly | What did the National Convention become as a result of the Consitution of 1795? |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | After people began to question the republic and revolted in Paris, who came in to save the Directory? |
| First Consul | Napoleon became ______ ________ in 1802. |
| Napoleon recognized the Catholic church, Church recognized him | What was Napoleon's concordat with the pope? |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon wrote the __________ ____, a set of laws for France. |
| 1) Trying to restrict trade with England, 2) Getting involved with Spain, 3) Invading Moscow | What were Napoleon's three major mistakes that led to his downfall? |
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