| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Angiosperm | Flowering vascular plants that produce fruits. |
| Cellulose | Chemical compound made out of sugar. Provides structure and support in plants. |
| Cuticle | Waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants. Helps prevent water loss. |
| Gymnosperm | Vascular plants that do not flower. Produce seeds that are not protected by fruit (ex. Conifers). |
| Monocot | Angiosperm (flowering plant) with one cotyledon inside its seed. |
| Nonvascular plant | Plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls. |
| Rhizoid | Threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground. |
| Stomata | Tiny openings in a plant's epidermis through which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen enter and exit. |
| Vascular plant | Plant with tube-like structures that move minerals, water, and other substances throughout the plant. |
| Frond | Leaf of a fern that grows from the rhizome. |
| Germination | Series of events that results in the growth of a plant from the seed. |
| Ovary | Swollen base of an angiosperm's pistil where egg-producing ovules are found. |
| Ovule | In seed plants, the female reproductive part that produces eggs. |
| Guard cell | Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing. |
| Pistil | Female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm. Contains a sticky stigma where pollen lands. |
| Pollen grain | Small structure produced by the male reproductive organs of a seed plant. Has a water-resistant coat, contains gametophyte parts that will produce sperm. |
| Pollination | Transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, animals. |
| Rhizome | Underground stem. |
| Spore | Waterproof reproductive cell of a fungus that can grow into a new organism. |
| Stamen | Male reproductive organ inside the flower. Pollen grains form, and a filament. |
| Chlorophyll | Green, light-trapping pigment in plant chloroplasts that is important in photosynthesis. |
| Day-neutral plant | Plant that doesn't require a specific photoperiod and can begin the flowering process over a range of night lengths. |
| Long day plant | Plant that generally requires short nights-- less that 10-12 hours of darkness to begin the flowering process. |
| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants and may other producers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen. |
| Respiration | Process by which producers and consumers release stored energy from food molecules. |
| Short day plant | Plant that generally requires long nights-- 12 or more hours of darkness to begin the flowering process. |
| Tropism | Positive or negative plant response to an external stimulus such as touch, light, or gravity. |
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