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oral tradition Stories passed down by word of mouth\ plateau a relatively flat highland known as Sahel savanna a treeless, flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions matrlineal societies in which villagers traced their descendents through mothers rather than through fathers age set in Africa, a group of people the same age learn skills and go through life stages together Piankhi a Kushite king who led a powerful army from Kush into Egypt and defeated the Egyptians Ezana king of Axum, converted to Christianity The Nok a West African culture that had already established itself in the fertile Niger and Benue river valleys Nubia a kingdom in the southern part of the Nile River valley in present day Sudan Kush kingdom that the Nubian river civilization developed into Axum a kingdom located near the Red Sea monotheism belief in one God ghana the title of the king of Ghana mosque Muslim house of worship Sundiata Keita one of Mali's early kings Mansa Musa Mali's greatest king who ruled from AD 1312 to AD 1332 Askia Muhammad the Songhai Empire reached its height of its glory Ghana became one of the richest trading civilizations in west Africa Mali one of the small states to break away from Ghana Timbuktu important center of Muslim art and culture Songhai region of the Niger River valley that resented losing control over the region and rebelled against the empire monopoly sole control or ownership multicultural having to do with a variety of cultural groups Kilwa port that had a virtual monopoly Malindini important port on the North coast Mombasa important port on the North coast Sofala a port in what is present-day Mozambique Zanzibar an important center of trade Karanga a Bantu kingdom located on a high plateau between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers Great Zimbabwe the largest stone-walled fortress throughout their territory