history chapter 29 terms: sections 1 and 2
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Central Powers | the nations that fought together during WWI on the side of Austria-Hungary and Germany |
| Allied Powers (Allies) | the nations that fought together during WWI on the side of Great Britain, France, and Russia |
| Sir Edward Grey | the British secretary, 'the lights are going out all over Europe' |
| "The Guns of August" | military history book written by Barbara Tuchman. It primarily describes the events of the first month of World War I. |
| Stalemate | a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal moves; it ends the game in a draw |
| Western Front | was a term used during the First and Second World Wars to describe the "contested armed frontier" between lands controlled by Germany to the East and the Allies to the West. |
| Schlieffen Plan | the German strategy to quickly seize Paris by cutting through Belgium, but the attack was stopped by the French army before the German troops could reach the city of Paris |
| First Battle of the Marne | A battle fought from 5 September to 12 September 1914, along the Marne River, near Paris. German army was defeated by the Franco-British army |
| trench warfare | a type of fighting common during WWI in which soldiers fought from deep ditches on the battlefield |
| "no man's land" | a term for land that is not occupied or is under dispute between parties that will not occupy it because of fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms. It is most commonly associated with the First World War to describe the area of land between two enemy trenches that neither side wishes to openly move on or take control of due to fear of being attacked by the enemy in the process. |
| New weapons of war | machine guns, tanks, mustard gas, u-boats |
| Eastern Front | the area along the German-Russian border where Russians and Serbs battled the Germans and Austro-Hungarians |
| Nationalism | patriotism: love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Europe's Great Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, France and Britain |
| Franco-Prussian War (Alsace-Lorraine) | often referred to in France as the 1870 War, it was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia |
| The Balkans | (often referred to as the Balkan Peninsula) is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe; the region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through Bulgaria into eastern Serbia; Russia and Austria-Hungary fought over control of it in 1912-1913 |
| Imperialism | the seizure of a country or territory by a more powerful country |
| Militarism | the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war |
| Otto von Bismarck | German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898) |
| Triple Alliance | Bismarck's military pact with Austria-Hungary and Italy set up to isolate France and keep the peace |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | the German ruler who made Bismarck resign, began a naval buildup, and added to European instability |
| Triple Entente | Britain's 1907 alliance with France and Russia ensuring that Britain would not fight against either country |
| "powder keg" of Europe | a nickname given to the Balkans |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | a country in South-East Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand, wife Sophie | WWI begins with the assassination of ___ and his ___ in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia-Her by a member of the Black Hands |
| Gavril Princip | Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Ferdinand |
| Ultimatum | the threat to declare war, to take other military action or to impose sanctions such as trade restrictions or embargoes |
| "blank check" | given from Germany to Austria-Hungary; told them to act with the knowledge of full German support |
| Mobilization | the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war; first in order to describe the preparation of the Prussian army during the 1850s and 1860s |
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