Psychology - Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders
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eoconnell8 on March 22, 2010
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NFCS Recovery Tutorials 2012, CofC Sociology, LSH Shared Study
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Psychological Disorders | Mental processes and/or behavior patterns that cause emotional distress and/or substantial impairment in functioning. |
| DSM-IV-TR, 2000 | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, describes the criteria used to classify and diagnose mental disorders. |
| Anxiety Disorders | Psychological disorders characterized by frequent fearful thoughts about what might happen in the future. |
| Panic Attack | An episode of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror. |
| Agoraphobia | An intense fear of being in a situation from which escape is not possible or in which help would not be available if one experienced overwhelming anxiety or a panic attack. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which people experience chronic, excessive worry for 6 months or more. |
| Panic Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring, unpredictable episodes of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror. |
| Phobia | A persistent, irrational fear of some specific object, situation, or activity that poses little or no real danger. |
| Social Phobia | An irrational fear and avoidance of any social or performance situation in which one might embarrass oneself in front of others by appearing clumsy, foolish, or incompetent. |
| Specific Phobia | A marked fear of a specific object or situation; a general label for any phobia other than agoraphobia and social phobia. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder in which a person suffers from recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions. |
| Obsession | A persistent, involuntary thought, image, or impulse that invades consciousness and causes great distress. |
| Compulsion | A persistent, irresistible, and irrational urge to perform an act or ritual repeatedly. |
| Mood Disorders | Disorders characterized by extreme and unwarranted disturbances in emotion or mood. |
| Major Depressive Disorder | A mood disorder marked by feelings of great sadness, despair, and hopelessness. |
| Bipolar Disorder | A mood disorder in which manic episodes alternate with periods of depression, usually with relatively normal periods in between. |
| Manic Episode | A period of excessive euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, and hyperactivity, often accompanied by delusions of grandeur and by hostility if activity is blocked. |
| Schizophrenia | A severe psychological disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate or flat affect, some disturbance in thinking, social withdrawal, and/or other bizarre behavior. |
| Psychosis | A condition characterized by loss of contact with reality. |
| Hallucination | An imaginary sensation. |
| Delusion | A false belief, not generally shared by others in the culture. |
| Delusions of Grandeur | A false belief that one is a famous person or a powerful or important person who has some great knowledge, ability, or authority. |
| Delusions of Persecution | A false belief that some person or agency is trying in some way to harm one. |
| Paranoid Schizophrenia | A type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of grandeur or persecution. |
| Disorganized Schizophrenia | The most serious type of schizophrenia, marked by extreme social withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, silliness, inappropriate laughter, grotesque mannerisms, and other bizarre behavior. |
| Catatonic Schizophrenia | A type of schizophrenia characterized by complete stillness or stupor or great excitement and agitation; patients may assume an unusual posture and remain in it for long periods of time. |
| Undifferentiated Schizophrenia | A catchall term used when schizophrenic symptoms either do not conform to the criteria of any one type of schizophrenia or conform to more than one type. |
| Somatoform Disorders | Disorders in which physical symptoms are present due to psychological causes rather than any known medical condition. |
| Hypochondriasis | A somatoform disorder in which persons are preoccupied with their health and fear that their physical symptoms area a sign of some serious disease, despite reassurance from doctors to the contrary. |
| Conversion Disorder | A somatoform disorder in which a person suffers a loss of motor or sensory functioning in some part of the body; the loss has no physical cause but solves some psychological problem. |
| Dissociative Disorder | Disorders in which, under unbearable stress, consciousness becomes dissociated from a person's identity or her or his memories of important personal events, or both. |
| Dissociative Amnesia | A dissociative disorder in which there is a complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences. |
| Dissociative Fugue | A dissociative disorder in which one has a complete loss of memory of one's entire identity, travels away from home, and may assume a new identity. |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | A dissociative disorder in which two or more distinct, unique personalities occur in the same person, and there is severe memory disruption concerning personal information about the other personalities. |
| Personality Disorder | A longstanding, inflexible, maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others, which usually begins in early childhood or adolescence. |
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) | A group of disorders in which children exhibit severe disturbances in social relationships. |
| Autistic Disorder | A disorder in which children have very limited language skills compared to others of the same age along with an inability to engage in reciprocal social relationships, and a severely limited range of interests. |
| Asperger's Disease | A disorder in which children possess the same characteristics as those with autistic disorder but have intact language skills. |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | A disorder in which and individual shows both significant problems in focusing attention and physical activity. |
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