Oceans and Tides
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butlerbabe67 on March 22, 2010
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pacific Ocean | largest ocean in the world |
| Salinity | a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid |
| How water movement affects salinity | slower moving areas have higher salinity |
| Surface Zone | the warm top layer of the ocean water, from surface to 300 m under |
| Thermocline | the second layer from 300- 700m temperature decreases as you go down faster here |
| Deep Zone | bottom layer, temperature from 1-3 degrees celsius. |
| Water Cycle | the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean. |
| Sonar | sound navigation and ranging, used to determine depths |
| Continental Shelf | gently sloping section of the continental margin between shoreline and slope |
| Continental Slope | steeply inclined section of the margin between the rise and shelf |
| Continental Rise | gently sloping section of margin between slope and abyssal plane |
| Abyssal Plain | large, flat, almost level area of the deep ocean basin |
| Mid Ocean Ridge | a long undersea mountain chain that forms along the floor of major oceans |
| Rift Valley | long, narrow valley that forms as tectonic plate separate |
| Ocean Trench | steep long depression in deep sea floor that runs parallel to a chain of volcanic islands or continental margin |
| Piloted Vessels | Alvin and deep flight are driven by people and search for things and explore the ocean |
| Robotic Vessels | Jason II and Medea, used because pilot are expensive and dangerous, to explore ocean floor |
| Plankton | microscopic creatures |
| Nekton | organisms that swim actively in the open ocean |
| Benthos | organisms that live on or in the ocean floor |
| Benthic Environment | the region near the ocean floor and all the organisms that live on or in it. |
| Intertidal Zone | shallowest benthic environment. It changes as the tide comes and goes, becoming covered and uncovered by water |
| Sublittoral Zone | begins where intertidal ends. Here there is always water, things remain constant |
| Bathyal Zone | from 200m to 4,000m. Animals are octopuses and sea stars |
| Abyssal Zone | no plant and few animals here, largest zone of ocean. Tube worms live here |
| Hadal Zone | deepest zone of the ocean floor, a type of sponge, worm, and clam lives here |
| Pelagic Environment | Zone near the oceans surface and in the middle |
| Neritic Zone | covers the continental shelf has largest concentration of marine animals, fish and dolphins |
| Oceanic Zone | Covers entire sea floor besides the continental shelf, giant squids and whales live here |
| Living Ocean Resources | fish, kelp, seaweed |
| Fish Farms | used to minimize the number of fish taken from the ocean |
| Nonliving Ocean Resources | Oil and Natural gas |
| Desalination | the process of removing salt from ocean water |
| Non-Point Source Pollution | pollution that comes from many sources rather than just a single site ex.oil and gas leaks, pesticides flowing |
| Point Source Pollution | pollution that comes from a specific site ex. trash dumping, sludge dumping |
| Ocean Currents | stream-like movements of water in the ocean |
| Surface Currents | movements of water near the surface of the ocean, caused by global winds, Coriolis effect, and continental deflections |
| Coriolis Effect | the apparent curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the earths rotation, causes surface currents in the North to go clockwise and south, counterclockwise |
| Deep Current | stream-like movements of ocean water located far below the surface, they are caused by increased density, caused by decreased temperature and increased salinity |
| Warm-Water Currents | cause the climates of coastal areas that would otherwise be cooler, to get warmer |
| Cold-Water Currents | cause the climates of coastal areas that would otherwise be warmer, to be cooler |
| Upwelling | a process in which cold, nutrient rich water from the deep ocean rises to the surface and replaces warm water this is important to organisms because the nutrients support the growth of plankton |
| El Niño | the periodic change in the location of warm and cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean |
| La Niña | periodic change in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface water temperature becomes unusually cool, follows el Niño |
| Damages of El Niño | flash floods and mudslides, drought, upwelling not occurring that is killing many organisms |
| Why we study el Niño | because of its effects on organisms and land |
| Crest | highest point of the waves |
| Trough | lowest point of the wave |
| Wavelength | distance between two adjacent crests or troughs |
| Wave Height | distance between the crest and the trough |
| Wave Period | the time between the passage of of two wave crests or troughs at a fixed point |
| Get Higher | what happens when waves approach the shore |
| Deep Water Waves | waves that move in water deeper than one half their wavelength. |
| Shallow Water Waves | when waves reach water shallower than half their wavelength |
| Breaker Zone | the area where the waves first begin to tumble |
| Whitecaps | the bubbles in the crest of a breaking wave |
| Swell | one of a group of long ocean waves that have steadily traveled a great distance from their point of generation |
| Tsunami | a giant ocean wave that forms after a volcanic eruption, submarine earthquake, or landslide |
| Tides | daily changes in the level of ocean water |
| High Tides | When part of the ocean is directly facing the moon, the water bulges on that side and the opposite, theses bulges are |
| Timing Tides | 24 hours and 50 minutes from high tide to high tide |
| Tidal Range | the difference in levels of ocean water at high and low tide. |
| Spring Tide | tide of increased range that occurs at the full and new moons, when this occurs the sun, moon, and earth are directly lined up. |
| Neap Tide | a tide of minimum range that occurs during the first and third quarters of the moon, the moon, earth, and sun form a 90 degree angle at this point |
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