Biology Chapter 11- Genetics
About this set
Created by:
miimii93 on March 4, 2008
Subjects:
biology, science, genetics, genes, cells, ch11, eleven
Description:
prentice hall biology chapter 11- Introduction to Genetics
Classes:
Cool dudes, yr 11 cam high, Ms.CuzCuz Biology, QACI Biology, Taylor and Allison, Bio study notes
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what assorts independently during meiosis? | chromosomes |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | the process in which the male and female reproductive cells join together in sexual reproduction |
| true-breeding | organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves through self-pollination |
| trait | a specific chracteristic |
| hybrids | crosses between parenrts with different traits |
| genes | chemical factors that determine traits |
| alleles | the different forms of a gene |
| principal of dominance | states that some alleles are dominant and others are reccesive |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| what is probability used for? | to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses |
| punnett squares | a diagram that can determine the possible gene combinations |
| homozygous | organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes and helps account for the many genetic variations observed in pants, animals, and other organisms |
| incomplete dominance | when one allele is not completly dominant over another |
| codominance | when both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| multiple alleles | when genes have more than two alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
| homologous | term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent |
| diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | a cell that has one set of homologous chromosomes, a cell that has a single set of chromosomes and therefore only 1 set of genes |
| meiosis | a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| tetrad | (prophase)structure of chromosome paired with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
| crossing-over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange chromatids in meiosis |
| gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
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