ch 31 patho
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 how does the hypothalamus-pituitary axis work? | releasing hormones from hypothalamus stimulate pituitary to release trophic hormones which stimulate peripheral glands to produce and release their hormones. |
| tertiary hormone disorder | abnormality in the hypothalamus |
| secondary hormone disorder | abnormality in the pituitary |
| primary hormone disorder | abnormality in the actual endocrine gland |
| what is the difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary gland? | anterior pituitary secretes trophic hormones (hormones that stimulate other organs to secrete hormones) while posterior secretes hormones that don't need to stimulate another organ (ie: oxytocin and ADH). |
| what stimulates release of GH | hypoglycemia, fasting, starvation, stress |
| what inhibits release of GH | hyperglycemia, free fatty acids, obesity, cortisol |
| long term effect of increased GH levels | increased blood glucose |
| GHRH | growth hormone releasing hormone - secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate GH release by the pituitary |
| agenesis of the pituitary | underdeveloped pituitary |
| idiopathic GH deficiency | lacks GHRH |
| Laron-type dwarfism | defect in IGF - the hormone that carries out the growth actions of GH |
| IGF | Insulin like growth factor |
| growth hormone excess | Children - gigantism; adults - acromegaly |
| gonadal hormones | GnRH - from Hypothalamus, stimulates release of FSH & LH from pituitary; FSH & LH stimulate gonads to produce gametes and release gonadal hormones |
| TRH | Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone - from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary |
| what stimulates release of Thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) | sleep, stress, and cold - maintain body temperature by increasing metabolism |
| TSH | Thyroid stimulating hormone - from anterior pituitary, acts on thyroid |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys the thyroid |
| clinical features of hypothroidism | muscle weaknes, coarse brittle hair, loss of lateral eyebrows, lethargy impaired memory, madness, periorbital edema (puffy face), pallor, large tongue, hoarsness, cardiomegaly, gastric atrophy, constipation, menorrhagia, peripheral edema |
| thyrotoxicosis | hyperthyroidism - clinical syndrome that results from high levels of thyroid hormone |
| Symptoms of Graves disease | symptoms: muscle wasting, fine hair, exophthalmos, goiter, sweating, tachycardia, weight loss, oligomenorrhea, tremor |
| goiter | enlarged thyroid |
| Graves Disease | caused by autoimmune disorder that stimulates the thyroid - antibodies attatch to TSH receptors (TSI - Thyroid stimulating immunoglobins) |
| infrequet menstruaion 4-9/yr | oligomenorrhea |
| 2 hypothyroidisms | hashimotos thyroiditis and thyroidectomy |
| 2 hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis | graves disease and thyroid tumors |
| major adrenal cortical hormones are | cortisol, testosterone and aldosterone |
| maj. adrenal cortical hormones,steroids from | acetate and cholesterol |
| ACTH controls secretion of | glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens |
| what is used in the production of glucose? | amino acids mobilized from body proteins are transported to the liver and used to produce glucose |
| mineral corticoids with RAA controle | body levels of sodium and potassium. |
| mineral corticoids are from | the adrenal cortex |
| Glucocorticoids have | anti-inflammatory action |
| glucocorticoids aid in regulating | glucose, protein and fat metabolism during periods of stress. |
| addisons disease | destruction of the adrenal gland |
| acute adrenal insufficiency is a | life-threatening situation |
| actions of cortisol | catabolism increased, immune inflammatory systems supressed, SNS up, blood glucose up, free faty acids up, muscle breakdown, plasma proteins increased |
| think cortisol think | stress |
| cushing syndrome refers to | manisfestations of excessive cortisol levels |
| cushing syndrome can be from | pharmacologic doses of cortisol, pit. or adreanal tumor or ectopic tumor that produces ACTH |
| addisons disease too much | ACTH due to lack of feed back |
| in addisons all | 3 layers of adrenal cortex destroyed |
| untreated cushing yndrome produces | serious moridity an deven death |
| adrenal hyperplasia congenital | decreased cortisol synthesis other hormones may be increased or decreased |
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