Flashcards: 8th Grade Science EOG Words
All 47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cellular Respriration | the process by which the mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP |
| Carrier | a person who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others |
| Virus | particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells |
| Bacteria | (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission |
| Protist | single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that generally do not fit in any other kingdom |
| Cell Wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Semiperable | Permiable to some substances but not others. |
| Ribosomes | make proteins |
| Inhibit | to prevent from doing something or to prevent from happening |
| Locomotion | The act or power of moving from one place to another. |
| Unicellular | one cell |
| Multicellular | consisting of many cells |
| Antibiotics | chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms |
| Cell Division | process by which cells reproduce |
| Surface Area | The measurement of the outer surface of an object. |
| Vector | any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease |
| Nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| Ribosomes | make proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| Mitochondria | the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| Overuse | make use of too often or too extensively |
| Fungi | Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Cell Theory | (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms |
| Protein Synthesis | forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA |
| Lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis |
| Contagion | an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted |
| Vaccine | substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| Cloning | making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism |
| Mutation | (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure |
| Colony | a group of animals of the same type living together |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| Flagella | whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement |
| Penicillin | a life-saving antibiotic that is produced from a green mold |
| Multicellular Structures | when cells get together, they form this |
| Genetic information | The code found in DNA. The "blueprint" for producing an individual organism. Can also refer to RNA, chromosomes. |
| Immune System | the cells, tissues, and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen and other parts |
| Economy | the efficient use of resources |
| Influenza | viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue. |
| Mutagen | physical or chemical agent that causes mutations |
| Diffusion | the act of dispersing or diffusing something |
| Precipitation | the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) |
| Electrolysis | The process of decomposing a chemical compound by the passage of an electric current. |
| Cell Membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
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