Mrs. Rubin's Science review
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Created by:
homsmc1 on March 26, 2010
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hypothesis | a testable explanation about an observation |
| quantitative observations | measurable observations |
| qualitative observations | observations made with the senses |
| density | the amount on mass per unit of volume |
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| compound | a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements |
| chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter |
| renewable resource | a natural resource that can be restored |
| fossil fuel | fuel created from remains of plants and animals over millions of years |
| gene | basic unit of heredity |
| speed | change of distance over time |
| acceleration | change of speed over time |
| action forces | forces that act in different objects in pairs |
| balanced forces | force that results in no motion |
| momentum | mass multiplied by speed |
| independent variabe | variable manipulated by the researcher |
| dependent variable | the variable that is measured in an experiment |
| nucleic acids | have the blueprints for growth and development |
| electromagnetic energy | energy that can travel through a vacuum |
| mechanical wave | wave that needs a medium to travel through |
| Newton's 1st Law | an object in motion tends to stay in motion & an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. |
| gravity | the force of attraction between all masses in the universe |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |
| transfer of energy | Occurs when a warmer object gives some or all of its energy to a cooler object |
| diffraction | the spreading out of waves around a barrier or through an opening |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave |
| refraction | The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another |
| decibel | loundess scale for sounds |
| Hertz | the unit of frequency |
| amplitude | the maximum distance the particles of a medium move away from their rest positions as a wave passes through the medium |
| wavelength | the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave |
| frequency | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time |
| mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| haploid | an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes |
| diploid | an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number |
| mieosis | the process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and eggs) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete |
| asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent |
| dominant trait | trait observed when at least one dominant allele for each characteristic is inherited. |
| recessive trait | a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
| inertia | the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force |
| proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| heat | the movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature |
| potential energy | energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement |
| kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
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