Chemistry:glycolysis, metabolisms, nucleic acid
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Created by:
kellyw2417 on March 26, 2010
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pentose phosphate pathway | The biochemical pathway that provides ribose (a pentose), NADPH, and other sugar-phosphates from glucose; (an alternative to glycolysis). |
| Glycolysis | The biochemical pathway that breaks down one molecule of glucose (carbohydrate) to form 2 molecules of pyruvate plus energy. |
| Aerobic | In the presence of O2. |
| Anaerobic | In the absence of O2. |
| Fermentation | The production of energy under anaerobic conditions. |
| Hypoglycemia | Lower than normal glucose concentration in the blood. (Low glucose in brain cells causes mental confusion, convulsions, coma, and eventually death). |
| Hyperglycemia | Higher than normal glucose concentration in blood. (Causes increased urine flow, low blood pressure, coma, and eventually death). |
| Insulin | Transports glucose molecules from blood to cells. Released when glucose level in blood is high. (Cells use this glucose to produce energy). |
| Glucagon | Released when blood glucose level is low. Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver and the release of glucose. (Gluconeogenesis). |
| Diabetes mellitus | A chronic condition due to either insufficient insulin or failure of insulin to activate crossing of cell membranes by glucose. |
| Glycogenesis | The biochemical pathway for synthesis of glycogen. Occurs when glucose concentrations are high. (Starts with Glucose-6-phosphate). |
| Glycogenolysis | The biochemical pathway for the breakdown of glycogen. (Occurs when glucose concentrations are high, and an immediate need for energy). |
| Gluconeogenesis | The biochemical pathway for the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates, such as lactate, amino acids, or glycerol. |
| What 5 enzymes are needed to synthesize Acetyl SCoA from pyruvate? | 1. HSCoA; 2. NAD; 3. FAD; 4. TPP; 5. Folate |
| In glycolysis, what's the reaction from glycolysis to ATP? | Glycolysis--------->pyruvate-->acetyl CoA-->citric acid cycle-->ETS-->ATP |
| What's the formation of lipid metabolism? | Spiral formation |
| What's the reaction from lipids to ATP? | Lipids-->fatty acids-->acetyl CoA-->citric acid cycle-->ETS-->ATP |
| What are the 4 fates of Acetyl CoA? | 1. Ketone bodies; 2. Cholesterol; 3. Fatty acids; 4. Citric acid cycle |
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