Nationalism and Statebuilding, 1848 - 1900
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Created by:
XavierAPEH on March 26, 2010
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Austro-Prussian War of 1866 | Engineered by Bismarck as part of his master plan to unifYGermany under the Prussian monarchy. Prussian troops surprised and overwhelmed a larger Austrian force, winning victory in only seven weeks. The result was that Austria was expelled from the old German Confederation and a new North German Confederation, completely under the control of Prussia, was created. |
| Compromise of 1867 | The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph's attempt, in 1866, to deal with the demands for greater autonomy from the ethnic minorItles within the Hapsburg Empire. The compromise set up a dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, where Franz Joseph served as the ruler of both Austria and Hungary, each of which had its own parliament. |
| The Crimean War | Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. |
| Carbonari | Secret groups ofItalian nationalists active in the early part of the nineteenth century; in 1820, the Carbonari briefly succeeded in organizing an uprising that forced King Ferdinand I of the Kingdom of the Two Siciliesto grant a constitution and a new Parliament. |
| Treaty of Villafranca | The treaty signed by France and Austria in 1859, which temporarily thwarted Cavour's hopes of unifying Italy. |
| Risorgimento | The mid-nineteenth-century Italian nationalist movement composed mostly of intellectuals and university students; from 1834 to 1848, the Risorgimento attempted a series of popular insurrections and briefly established a Roman Republic in 1848. |
| Junkers | A powerful class of landed aristocrats in nineteenth-century Prussia who supported Bismarck's plan for the unification of Germany. |
| Realpolitik | A political theory made fashionable by Bismarck in the nineteenth century, which asserted that the aim of any political policy should be to increase the power of a nation by whatever means and strategies were necessary and useful. |
| Schleswig-Holstein Affair | Originally as dispute over the administration of two Danish duchies, Schleswig and Holstein, that had a large German-speaking population, it was used by Bismarck to engineer a war with Austria in 1866; it is a perfect illustration of Realpolitik in action. |
| Ems Telegram | A diplomatic correspondence between Napoleon III of France and William I of Prussia, edited by Bismarck to make it seem like they had insulted one another. An example of Realpolitik. |
| Lebensraum | space sought for occupation by a nation whose population is expanding. Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people |
| Pan German League | It was an extremist political interest organization which was officially founded in 1891. The purpose of the league was to nurture and protect the ideology of German nationality as a unifying force. |
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