Wilson Vocab Chapter 5: Civil Liberties
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Created by:
Boomer2010 on March 29, 2010
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Classes:
Mr. Lesh's AP Government and Politics
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Red Scare | The government suppression of American leftists after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution |
| Sedition Act | A Federalist bill of 1789 criminalizing criticsim of government |
| Smith Act | A 1940 act criminalizing teh advocacy of violent revolution |
| Internal Security Act | A 1950 act requiring the registration of all communists |
| Communist Control Act | A 1954 act denying legal rights to the Communist party |
| Incorporation | term which describes the process whereby the Supreme Court applies provisionis of the Bill of Rights to the states |
| "clear and present danger" test | a supreme court formula to legitimate the abridement of the right of free speech |
| libel | harming another by publishing defamatory statements |
| public figures | catergory of individuals whomust show material is false and printed with actual maliec to win a libel cause |
| prior restraint | a government action to prevent rather than punish certain expressions |
| preferred position | the supposed superiority of rights of expression over other constitutional rights |
| least means | the use of only minimal measures to restrict potentially dangerous expression |
| Mapp v. Ohio | case in which the supreme court decided to apply the exclusionary rule to state and local law enforcement officers |
| free-exercise clause | the first amendment clause guarenteering religious freedom |
| establishment clause | The First Amendment clause prohibiting an official religion |
| Hugo Black | Justice who argued the First Amendment protects all publications, even wholly obscene ones. |
| creationism | A teaching on the origin of the world found to be religiously inspired |
| released time | A period during the public school day when students get religious intruction |
| exclusionary rule | The prohibition against the use of illegally obtianed evidence in court |
| search warrent | A written authorization to police officers to conduct a search |
| probable cause | The legal basis for the issuance of a search warrent |
| Miranda | A supreme court case that led to rule that police officers mut follow in warning arrested persons of thieir rights |
| Thomas Jefferson | Individual who first penned the phrase "wall of separation" in a private |
| conscientious objector | one who refuses miulitary service on religious or ethiccal grounds |
| Giltow v New York | Case in which the Supreme Court first applied the First Amendment to the states |
| Freedom of speech | Part of the First Amendment protecting freedom of speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government |
| Freedom of religion | Part of the First Amendment protecting the free exercise clause of religion and prohibiting an establishment of religion |
| good-faith execption | Admission of illegally obtained evidence if illegality results froma techincal or minor error |
| actual malice | Legal term suggesting something was published with reckless disreguard for the truth, or with the knowledge that it was false |
| symbolic speech | An act that conveys a political message, such as bruning a draft card to protest the draft |
| wall-of-separation principal | An interpretation of part of the First Amendment that prevents government involvment with religion |
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