Lab 6 with lil' bit of 5
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taylorhutchins on March 29, 2010
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Most vascular part of the tunic | Choroid |
| 2 functions choroid | 1) Nourishment to outer retina 2) Pathway for vessels supplying anterior eye. |
| Where does choroid end anteriorly and posteriorly? | Anteriorly=ends at ora serrata and travels with ciliary body. Posteriorly=ends at ONH and is continuous w/optical canal covering. |
| Primary arteries that merge to form choriocapillaris(3)? | 1)Long posterior ciliary arteries- from ora serrata(posteriorly) to equator. 2) Short posterior ciliary arteries- Btwn ONH and equator (post. half of globe) 3) anterior ciliary arteries- anterior eye. |
| Which is derived from the optic cup? | Retina |
| Why is it kinda purplish red? | Rhodopsin |
| How thick is the retina at the ora serrata? | 100 microns and 350 microns at the macula |
| Diameter of ONH | 1.5mm, it's flat and does not project into vitreous |
| diameter of macula lutea | 3-5 mm diameter |
| diameter of fovea | 1.5 mm |
| how many layers of ganglion cells are in the fovea? | 5-7 around the edge. |
| Where is Henle fiber layer found? | OPL and it's thickest in macula |
| diameter of foveola and thickness | 0.4 mm and 90 microns thick |
| Retinal layers | from outer to inner; 1. RPE 2. Photoreceptor layer 3. external limiting membrane 4. Outer Nuclear layer 5. Outer plexiform layer 6. Inner nuclear layer 7. Inner plexiform layer 8. Ganglion cell layer 9. Nerve fiber layer 10. Internal limiting membrane. |
| How many cones vs. rods | 7 million cones vs. 125 million rods |
| Blood supply to the photoreceptor layer | choriocapillaris |
| two parts of Rod inner segments | Ellipsoid (mitochondria) and Myloid (Golgi A and RER) |
| External limiting membrane is formed by what cell fibers? | Muller cell fibers which extend from ELM to ILM |
| Mostly avascular synaptic layer? | Outer plexiform layer |
| which cells within the OPL are excitatory? | Dendrites of Bipolar cells |
| which cells within the OPL are inhibitory? | processes of Horizontal cells (Laterla inhibition) |
| Triad of synapse consists of?(OPL) | Central bipolar dendrite and 2 peripheral horizontal cell dendrites |
| Have a single synaptic ribbon | Rods |
| Can have 30+ ribbons (or non-triad associated flat synapse) | Cones |
| Membrane found btwn retina and vitreous | ILM made of muller cells |
| aka hyaloid membrane of the vitreous? | Internal limiting membrane (ILM) |
| termination of retina proper, firm attachment of choroid | Ora serrata |
| Where do ganglion cells become sparse? | they end 1mm from ora serrata |
| Main blood supply to retina | Central retinal artery |
| what vessels follow the arteries? | retinal veins |
| Cellular layer including the cell bodies of Horizontal, bipolar, muller, amacrine, and interplexiform cells | INL (inner nuclear layer) |
| Least numerous cell type in INL | Horizontal cells |
| Large cell, clear nucleus, outermost sublayer of INL | Horizontal cell |
| Most numerous cell type in INL | Bipolar Cell |
| Has a prominant nucleolus | Bipolar cell |
| Dark angular cells found in inner intermediate sublayer of INL | Muller cells |
| Horseshoe(irregular) shaped nucleus found in inner sublayer of INL | amacrine cell |
| In which layer do bipolar cells contact amacrine and ganglion cells? | IPL (inner plexiform layer) |
| In what layer would you find the axons of ganglion cells | NFL (nerve fiber layer) |
| Arteries and veins branching off the central retinal artery would run through this layer. | NFL |
| Rod spherules are _______(external/internal) to cone pedicles. | internal |
| Deep vasculature strattles which layer? | INL |
| superficial vasculature strattles which layer? | GCL |
| Where would you find the "honeycomb" layer | ONL |
| Which layer looks like a "double layer" | OPL |
| The blood supply to the OPL | From choriocapillaris, central retinal artery/vein, and choroid. |
| The portion of the OPL closest to the INL is composed of what ? | dendrites of bipolar cells |
| The axons that form the OPL= | Henle's fiber layer |
| Which cells serve to modulate visual info received from photoreceptors? | Horizontal cells, they intergrate activity of photoreceptor's horizontally in the retina. |
| Ha cells vs. Hb cells (Luminosity vs chromaticity) | Ha function as chromaticity cells vs Hb which function as luminosity cells. |
| Which type of Horizontal cells receive a large input from blue cones | Ha |
| Somas of bipolar cells are found in which region of the INL | Middle region |
| How many types of bipolar cells for rods vs cones | One type for rods and Many for cones |
| Dendrites ______(ascend/descend) to collect synapses from photoreceptors, while Axons ______(ascend/descend) to provide ribbon synapses. | denrites ASCEND to collect synapse from photoreceptors and Axons DESCEND to provide ribbon synapse |
| _____+_______=dyad | Axon + pair of postsynaptic processes = dyad |
| Rod bipolar cells descend to the lowest level of the IPL to contact which 3rd order neuron? | AII (A2) amacrine cell |
| Off bipolar axons terminate in the (Upper/lower) half of the IPL | UPPER and on is in the lower |
| On bipolar cell______(depolarizes/hyperpolarizes) in response to dark | hyperpolarizes...prevents Na+ influx and allows K+ to leak out |
| All amacrine cells make connections to the ON cone bipolar cell through gap junctions in level __ of the IPL | 5...excitatory input |
| All amacrine cells make connections to OFF cone bipolar cells at level __ | 2...glycinergic inhibitory input |
| 2 major types of amacrine cells | 1) Diffuse and 2) stratified |
| 2 types of Diffuse amacrine cells and the cover area dimensions | Narrow-field cells: cover area 10-15um wide, and Wide-field cells: cover area 30-50 um wide |
| The synapse btwn cones & ON bipolar cells are called _____-_______ because the 2 cells have opposite response polarities. | sign-inverted |
| ____ bipolar axons terminate in the lowest part of sublamina B | Rod |
| Synapses btwn cones & OFF bp cells are called _____-_________ because the 2 cells have the same response polarity. | Sign-conserving...both hyperpolarize to light onset |
| What type of bipolar cell would be found in the foveal region? | Midget bp cells |
| Midget bp cells receive input from either ___or____cones. | Red or Greed (On & off so 4 total) |
| Difuse bp cells (found in all retinal locations) are _____(more/less) selective for stimulus wavelength than midget bp cells. | Less selective (respond over a wider range of spectrum) |
| Invaginating = ____(on/off) | ON |
| Flat = ____(on/off) | OFF |
| There is only ONE type of rod bipolar cell and the synapse is always ___-_____. | Sign-inverting (With light onset, rod bp cells depolarize) |
| Flow of info for a Rod bp cell is from _____(inner/outer) retina to ______ retina. | inner to outer (flow is opp. that of afferent bp to ganglion cell signals) |
| 2 types of ganglion cells | M (parasol) and P (Midget) |
| M cells project to __________layers of LGN and P cells project to _________layers of LGN | M cells to MAGNOCELLULAR and P cells to PARVOCELLULAR |
| At the fovea, which type of ganglion cells constitute 90% of the total Ganglion cell population? | P cells |
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