genetics
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 monohybrid cross | pairing where parents differ in only one trait |
| dihybrid cross | pairing where parents differ in two traits |
| allele | one of several versions of a gene |
| haploid | cells containing one copy of each gene |
| diploid | cells containing two copies of each gene |
| heterozygous | when the two alleles for a gene are different |
| homozygous | when the two alleles for a gene are identical |
| dominant | the allele in a heterozygote that determines the phenotype |
| recessive | an allele in a heterozygote that does not affect the phenotype |
| genotype | the specific set of alleles an individual has |
| phenotype | set of observable traits |
| law of segregation | two alleles for a characteristics separate during gamete formation |
| gamete | haploid sex cells |
| law of independent assortment | during gamete formation an allele for one trait can pair with either allele for another trait |
| meiosis | type of cell division that produces four haploid cells |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that contain the same set of genes |
| fertilization | the fusion of two gametes |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| crossing over | process where pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged |
| tetrad | pair of homologous chromosomes stuck together |
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