Spelling Like a Champ rules
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Created by:
lilymaglioni on March 31, 2010
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Deleting Silent e | Drop final e before suffix beginning with a vowel, unless: The word ends in 'ge' or 'ce', Suffix begins with 'a' or 'o', Soft sound of 'g' or 'c' is to be retained. Examples: alleging, intoning, advantageous, noticeable |
| Double final consonant: | before adding a suffix beginning w/ a vowel if word has 1 syllable or accent on last syllable. If accent shifts on adding a syllable, don't double. Examples: abetting, beginner, rappelled, conference, reference. |
| Change 'y' to 'i': | Words ending in 'y' usually change 'y' to 'i' before suffix, unless 'y' is second of 2 vowels at end of word or suffix begins w/ 'i'. Examples: happiness, silliest, grayness, grayness, boyish, flying. |
| Adding prefixes: | When a prefix is added to a word, the spelling of the word remains the same. Examples: mis+shapen, im+mutable. This is one of the simplest rules to follow, NO EXCEPTIONS. |
| I before E exceptions: | Caffeine, codeine, counterfeit, plebeian, protein, reveille, either, feisty, foreign, forfeit, heifer, height, heir, heist, kaleidoscope, leisure, neither, seismic, seize, sleight, sovereign, stein, surfeit, their, veil, weir, weird. Whew. |
| Ant- and Ante-: | Ante- is Latin meaning before, anti- is also Latin meaning against. Examples: antebellum, antenatal, antescript, Anticyclone, antifreeze, antigravity. |
| Cyno- and Sino: | Cyno- means dog and Sino- (usually capitalized- Sinogram) means "Chinese". Cynosure (center of attention or interest) came from Latin origin meaning "a dog's tail". |
| Dis- and Dys-: | Dys-=abnormal, diseased, difficult, faulty, impaired, bad, or unfavorable, and often is in scientific/medical terms. Dis-= opposite of, contrary to/of, absence of, not, or completely (sometimes it means dys-). Examples: dysentery, dyslexic, dyspeptic, disadvantage, disagree, disheveled. |
| Em-, En-, Im-, and In-: | Sound somewhat alike. Em-/en-= put into/onto, cause to be, provide with, or thoroughly (often in verbs that aren't very different without the prefix, as in tangle/entangle). Em- is used before b; m, or p, en- is used in all other circumstances. Im-/in- also follows that rule (and adds 2 more: il- is used before l, and ir- is used before r). It means not, in, inward, toward, on. |
| Flour-/flouro- and flouri-: | Any word having to do with flowers/blooming plants may have the combining form flori- (floriculture, and florisugent). Flour-/flouro- refers to the element fluorine—poisonous gas at room temperature. Fluorescent lights contain hydrogen fluoride. Something florescent is blooming or flourishing. |
| Par-/para- and peri-: | Peri= around, surrounding, near, and is used in scientific words like perihelion, periocular, and periodontal. Par-/para-= beside (as in paramedic who works along side a doctor) beyond, faulty, or abnormal, and also has two scientific meanings (derived from original sediment used in geological terms and isomeric or polymeric with, used in chemistry). Its meaning is a little hard to trace in the many words that contain it like paragon, parasite, and paraphrase. Learn difference between parameter, and perimeter. |
| Techno-/tekno: | Words with the prefix techno are quite common and are used in the application of knowledge practical matters. There are only a couple of English words that use the prefix tekno which comes from greek teknon meaning child; teknonymy and teknonymous both refer to the naming of children for their parents. |
| Standard verb endings: | -S, -es, -ing, and -ed. For the most part verb inflections follow the general spelling rules. But there are a few additional rules. |
| Verbs ending in -s, -x, -z, -sh, or -ch: | Add -es to form third person present: caress/caresses, fizz/fizzes, coax/coaxes, crash/crashes, march/marches. |
| Verbs ending in single vowel y: | Change it to i before adding -es for third person present, or -ed for past tense: marry/marries/married, beautify/beautifies/beautified. Do not change the y before the present participle ending in -ing: beautifying. If verb has a vowel before the y, treat it as you would a consonant ending: annoy/annoys/annoyed, survey/surveys/surveyed. |
| Verbs ending in a c: | Add a k before -ed or -ing (bivouac/bivouacked/bivouacking). |
| Verbs with one syllable ending in ye or oe: | Keep the final e before -ing, but drop it before -ed: Eye/eyeing/eyed, shoe/shoeing/shoed. |
| Verbs ending in ie or ee: | Drop final e before -ed: belie/belied, free/freed. If verb ends in ie change it to y before adding -ing: tying, vying. |
| -Ise, -ize, or yze: | Most verbs that end in the "eyes" sound have Latin roots and are spelled -ize. Those that are spelled ise generally (though not always) come from Old French or Middle French. There aren't xery many of them. If you don't see a few you expect (like surprise)on the list, it's because they can be spelled either way. |
| -Ize, -ise, yze examples: | abscise, advise, chastise, compromise, demise, despise, devise, disguise, exercise, franchise. Improvise, incise previse, reprise, revise, rise, surmise, televise, vise, wise. The Latin combining form -lysis has led to the verb combining form -lyze which means to produce or undergo disintegration or dissolution and is used in the following verbs: Acetolyze, ammonolyze, analyze, electrolyze, hemolyze, hydrolyze, autolyze, catalyze, cytolyze, dialyze, paralyze, pyrolyze, solvolyze. If you hear l before the "eyes" sound, check to see if it is a variant of one of these verbs. If not, go ahead and spell it -lize. |
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