Neuronal Development
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 zygote | A fertilized egg is called a |
| morula | By around 4 days after fertilization, the zygote becomes a solid ball of cells called a |
| inner cell mass, trophoblast | By day 5, the cells separate into ~ and ~ |
| embryo | The inner cell mass becomes the |
| placenta | The trophoblast becomes the |
| blastocyst | The state of the embryo when the blastocoel forms with the inner cell mass at one end |
| blastocoel | inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst, The fluid-filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo. |
| epiblast, hypoblast | The cells of the inner cell mass eventual form two layers called |
| epiblast | The~ contains the cells that generate the actual embryo |
| primitive streak | At days 13-19, cells move towards the midline forming the |
| gastrulation | Formation of the primitive streak |
| Endo, ecto, mesoderm | The three layers that form from gastrulation |
| ectoderm | The nervous system and neural plate form from the |
| neural groove | Results form uneven rates of cell division, and become the midline of the embryo |
| neural tube | Neural ridges eventually come together and forms the |
| prosencephalon | Another name for the forebrain |
| mesencephalon | Another name for the midbrain |
| diencephalon, telencephalon | Two components of the forebrain |
| rhombencephalon | Another name for the hindbrain |
| neurogenesis | undifferenciated cells undergo mitotic division to produce either new stem cells or neuroblasts that will eventually differentiate into neurons |
| ventricular zone | Closely packed layer of dividing precursor cells |
| marginal zone | A second layer of cells formed from cells that migrated from the ventricular zone |
| neurons, glia | Cells in the intermediate zone will begin to differentiate into ~ and ~ |
| radial glia | Cells in the developing cortex move along the surface of |
| differentiation | Step when cells begin to use of express particular genes |
| induction | The influence of a set of cells on the fate of neighboring cells |
| process outgrowth | Extensive growth of axons and dendrites and the proliferation of synapses |
| growth cones | The tips of growing axons; includes filopodia and lamellipodia |
| filopodia | Spikelike extensions that help pull growth cones in a direction |
| lamellipodia | Sheetlike extensions of the growth cone that allow it to flow through the environment |
| chemoattractants | Chemical signals that attract certain growth cones |
| synaptogenesis | The process of synapse formation during which axons determine which cells to innervate by responding to a variety of local chemical cues |
| apoptosis | Process in which cells that do not make adequate synaptic connections die |
| neurotrophins | chemicals that promote survival and activity of neurons in the developing nervous system; also called neurotrophic factors |
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