Medical Assisting Aneda
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abdominal cavity | Extends from the diaphragm to the top edge of the pelvic girdle (bones). Organs found are: Stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, the liver, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder. |
| Pelvic Cavity | Surrounded by the pelvic girdle which provide protection for the urinary bladder, the last portion of the large intestines, and the internal reproductive organs. Since organs of the digestive system are found in both the abdominal and pelvic cavitys the word is combined to make abdominopelvic cavity. |
| Right and left iliac | often refered to as the ilium portion of the pelvic bone, or the inguinal, meaning groin |
| Quadrants | The abdomen is such a large area of the body that it is necessary to divide it into quadrants or regions for purposes of identification or reference. One method of reference creates four quadrants know as the right and left upper quadrants and the right and left lower quadrants. |
| The cell | Basic building block of the body. It requires nutrients and oxygen to survive, performs specific functions, and produces heat and energy. cells vary in shape, size and function. The body contains about 75 trillion of them. |
| Cytoplasm | cellular fluid |
| Cell membrane | separates the cell from the surrounding environment. The membrance controls what enters and leaves the cell, thereby regulating cellular function. |
| Nucleus | serves as the 'brain' for the control of the cells metabolic activities and cell dicision; has DNA and genes. |
| Nucleolus | Functions as the site for RNA synthesis. The nucleus itself will have at least one nucleolus. |
| Mitochondria | Serves as sites of cellular respiration and energy production. The 'powerhouse' of the cell |
| Ribosomes | Serves as the site for protein synthesis. Made out of RNA and proteins in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane to become a two-part.They are found circulating the cytoplasm or attaching to the endoplasmic rheticulum. |
| Centriole | The two-cylinder-shaped organelles near the nucleus. During mitosis, the centrioles separate and form spindle fibers that attach to the chromosomes to ensure their equal distribution to the new daughter cells. |
| Endoplasmic Rheticulum | When attached to the nuclear membrane, it serves as a passageway for the transportation of materials in and out of the nucleus. If grouped together they can store large amounts of protein. It regulates chemical reactions and controls the process of mitosis for reproduction. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Manufactures carbohydrates and packages secretions for discharge from the cell. |
| Lysosomes | Serve a centers for cellular digestion. For example they consume protecin molecules such as found in old worn cells, bacteria or foreign matter. |
| Chromosomes | Human beings have 46, or 23 pairs that store hereditary material. 22 pairs are same in number and kind, and one pair are sex chromosomes, determining the sex. |
| DNA | the material within the chromosome that encodes the genes that are location at specific sites. |
| Diffusion | A process whereby gas , liquid, or solid molecules distribute themselves evenly through a medium. They will move high concentrations to an area of lesser concentration for example |
| Osmosis | A process of diffusion of water or another solvent through a selective permeable, one through which some solutes can pass but others cannot. When the molecules are equal on both sides of the permeable the osmosis will stop. The pressure of the molecules inside the membrane is then said to be at equilibrium, a state known as osmotic pressure. |
| Hypertonic solution | Seawater. ex. a red blood cell will shrink and wrinkle up because water molecules are moving outside of the cell. |
| Hypotonic solution | compared to Fresh water. a red blood cell will swell and burst because water molecules are moving into the cell. |
| Isotonic Solution | Human Blood Serum. A red blod remains unchanged because the movement of water molecules into and out of the cell are the same. |
| Normal saline | A .9 |
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