The Reproductive System
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hormones | In the endocrine system __________ help regulate and coordinate body systems. |
| hormones | The endocrine glands found throughout the body manufacture chemical messengers called __________. |
| ductless | Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood because they are __________. |
| negative-feedback | In a __________-__________ system the endocrine glands gives chemical messages to control the production and release of hormones. |
| male | The __________ reproductive system has both internal and external organs. |
| testes | The __________ are organs that produce the male hormone testosterone and reproductive cells called sperm. |
| sperm | The testes produce reproductive cells called __________. |
| semen | Internal organs combine sperm with a fluid energy source producing __________. |
| ovaries | Internal organs called __________ produce egg cells. |
| ovulation | Once a month the __________ process releases an egg. |
| uterus | A hollow, pear-shaped, muscular organ in which fertilized eggs develop is called the __________. |
| vagina | The __________, or birth canal, is a muscular tube that opens to the outside of the body. |
| menstrual cycle | The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system is called the __________ __________. |
| estrogen | Endocrine hormones called __________ and progesterone control the menstrual cycle. |
| progesterone | Endocrine hormones called estrogen and __________ control the menstrual cycle. |
| menstruation | The release of blood and the uterine lining tissue that occurs in phases in the female reproductive system is called __________. |
| menstrual flow | Phase one of the menstrual cycle begins when __________ __________ starts and usually lasts about 4 to 6 days. |
| ovulation | Phase two of the menstrual cycle involves the thickening of the uterus lining and __________, or egg release. |
| decreasing | Phase 3 of the menstrual cycle continues with uterine preparation and ends with __________ hormone levels and uterine lining breakdown if no fertilized egg arrives. |
| menopause | The gradual shutdown of the ovaries which end ovulation and menstrual periods is called __________. |
| fertilization | The uniting of the egg and sperm is called __________. |
| zygote | When the nucleus of the sperm joins with the nucleus of the egg a cell called a __________ is formed. |
| mitosis | A zygote divides into more genetically identical cells by a process called __________. |
| fraternal | When more than one egg is fertilized __________ twins will develop. |
| identical | When the egg or the zygote splits in two __________ twins develop. |
| two, two | Fraternal twins form from __________ different eggs and __________ different sperm. |
| one, one | Identical twins form from __________ egg and __________ sperm. |
| Multiple | __________ births result from multiple egg release (fraternal twins) or division of the zygote (identical twins). |
| pregnancy | The period of development before birth is called __________. |
| embryo | When the zygote moves from the oviduct to the uterus it attaches and becomes an __________. |
| umbilical cord | The __________ __________ connects the embryo to the placenta which provides nourishment from the mother and removes wastes from the embryo. |
| amniotic sac | The __________ __________ cushions the embryo and stores nutrients and wastes. |
| fetus | The embryo is called a __________ after the first two months of development. |
| muscular contractions | During the birthing process __________ __________ of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina. |
| umbilical cord | After the baby is born the __________ __________ is cut. |
| cesarean section | Babies who cannot be delivered through the birth canal must be delivered by a surgery called a __________ __________. |
| infancy | The first 18 months of life is called __________. |
| stress | Newborns experience fetal __________ as they adapt to life outside the uterus. |
| neonatal | The first four weeks of infancy is known as the __________ period. |
| depend | Human babies __________ on their parents for survival. |
| childhood | From 18 months to puberty a child's physical and mental development continues. During this time a human is in the stage of __________. |
| adolescence | When a child hits puberty (reproductive maturity) the child is now in the __________ stage of life. |
| secondary sex | During adolescence hormones cause males and females to develop __________ __________ characteristics. |
| adulthood | From age 18 through old age a person is in his/her __________ stage. |
| adulthood | During __________ a person's muscles and bones stop growing. |
| middle | In __________ adulthood (30 to 60) the body begins to slowly decline. |
| older | After age 60 a person enter __________ adulthood. |
| seventy five | The average life span of a human today is age __________ __________. |
| target tissue | Tissues affected by hormones. |
| sperm | Male reproductive cells. |
| testes | Male reproductive organs. |
| ovaries | Produce eggs in the female. |
| uterus | Muscular organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a baby. |
| vagina | The birth canal. |
| ovulation | The process of releasing eggs on a monthly basis. |
| menstruation | The monthly discharge of the lining of the uterus. |
| menopause | This occurs when the menstrual cycle becomes irregular and then stops. |
| embryo | The fertilized egg during the first two months of pregnancy. |
| semen | A mixture of sperm and fluid. |
| menstrual cycle | The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system. |
| amniotic sac | This cushions the developing baby. |
| fetus | The developing baby after the first two months of pregnancy. |
| pregnancy | The period of development lasting nine months. |
| hormones | These are endocrine secretions. |
| pineal gland | This endocrine gland produces a hormone called melatonin that helps your body to regulate wake/sleep patterns. |
| pituitary gland | This endocrine gland produces hormones that affect a wide range of body activities, from growth to reproduction. |
| thymus | This endocrine gland produces infection-fighting cells called T-helper cells or T-cells. These are a special type of white blood cell. |
| testes | This endocrine gland primarily produces a hormone called testosterone. |
| testosterone | This hormone plays an important role in the production of sperm and secondary male characteristics. |
| thyroid gland | This endocrine gland produces hormones that regulate metabolic rate, control the uptake of calcium by bones, and promotes normal nervous system development. |
| parathyroid glands | These endocrine glands help regulate calcium levels in the body. |
| adrenal glands | These endocrine glands produces a variety of hormones and some of these play a critical role in helping your body adapt to physical and emotional stress. |
| pancreas | This endocrine gland produces a hormone called insulin which helps your body to control blood sugar levels in the bloodstream. |
| ovaries | These endocrine glands produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which help regulate the female reproductive cycle and are responsible for producing and maintaining female sex characteristics. |
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