Marine Science: Marine Biology (Part 2) - Test Set
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84 terms
Occitan | English |
|---|---|
| Blastula |  Hollow sphere of cells produced during the development of an embryo by repeated division of a fertilized egg. |
| Gastrula | Early embryo, composed of two or more tissue layers, that develops from the blastula. |
| Animal | Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism that has cells without cell walls. |
| Protostome | Animal in which the blastopore develops into the mouth |
| Deuterostome | Animal in which the blastopore develops into the anus |
| Cambrian Explosion | The event characterized by the appearance of many of the major animal phyla between 542 million and 530 million years ago at the beginning of the Cambrian Period. |
| Burgess Shale | Fossil formation found in Canada that contains remarkably detailed traces of soft-bodied animals from the Cambrian. |
| Phylum Porifera | Phylum that includes the sponges |
| Silica Spicule | Skeletal component in glass sponges |
| Calcium Spicule | Skeletal component in calcium sponges |
| Spongin Fiber | Skeletal component in bath sponges |
| Osculum | Large pore on a sponge from which water exits the animal |
| Choanocyte (collar cell) | Flagellated cells that move water through a sponge and filter food particles |
| Phylum Cnidaria | Phylum that includes the jellies |
| Cnidocyte | Stinging cell found in cnidarians (jellies) |
| Radial | Body symmetry seen in cnidarians (jellies) |
| Medusa | Body form of a cnidarians that is free-swimming and typically bell-shaped or umbrella-shaped; typical form of the jellyfish. |
| Polyp | Body form of a cnidarians that is sessile and is adapted for attachment to a surface; typical form of the sea anemone |
| Phylum Platyhelminthes | Phylum that includes the flatworms |
| Flatworm | Acoelomate worm with a dorso-ventrally flattened body |
| Open Circulatory System | Type of circulatory system in which fluid flows freely through the body cavity, rather than being contained in vessels; typically found in invertebrates |
| Closed Circulatory System | Type of circulatory system in which a heart pumps blood through a system of closed vessels; found in all vertebrates. |
| Phylum Molluska | Phylum that includes soft bodied animals such as the snails, clams and squids |
| Mollusk | Soft bodied animal that has a foot, mantle and a radula |
| Foot | Structure on a mollusk that is typically used in movement; modified into arms in the octopus |
| Mantle | Tissue on a mollusk that makes the shell |
| Radula | Scraping mouthpart found in mollusks |
| Class Gastropoda | Mollusk class that includes the snails and slugs |
| Torsion | Stage in gastropod development that causes a twisting of the animal's body |
| Phylum Arthropoda | Phylum that includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans |
| Arthropod | Animal that has a segmented body with jointed appendages and must molt a chitinous exoskeleton in order to grow |
| Exoskeleton | External shell of an arthropod that is made of chitin |
| Molting | Process where an arthropod discards its old shell so that is can grow and form a new shell |
| Ventral Nerve Cord | Nerve cord with a system of ganglia that runs along the "belly" of a crustacean |
| Order Decapoda | Order that includes crustaceans with ten legs such as crabs, shrimp and lobsters |
| Phylum Echinodermata | Phylum that includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers |
| Echinoderm | Deuterostome animal that shows pentamerous radial symmetry as adults and has a water vascular system and a strong ability to regernate lost body parts. |
| Water Vascular System | A system of water-filled canals that connects the tube feet of echinoderms. |
| Phylum Chordata | Phylum that includes lancelets, tunicates, and vertebrates |
| Chordate | Animal that posses a dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail, and an endostyle at some point during its development |
| Subphylum Urochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes tunicates |
| Subpylum Cephalochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes lancelets |
| Subphylum Vertebrata | Chordate subphylum that includes chordates that have a notochord surrounded by bony vertebrae. |
| Blastula | Hollow sphere of cells produced during the development of an embryo by repeated division of a fertilized egg. |
| Gastrula | Early embryo, composed of two or more tissue layers, that develops from the blastula. |
| Animalia | Kingdom that includes animals |
| Protostome | Animal in which the blastopore develops into the mouth |
| Deuterostome | Animal in which the blastopore develops into the anus |
| Phylum Porifera | Phylum that includes the sponges |
| Osculum | Large pore on a sponge from which water exits the animal |
| Phylum Cnidaria | Phylum that includes the jellies |
| Radial | Body symmetry seen in cnidarians (jellies) |
| Class Anthozoa | Cnidarian class that includes corals and sea anemones |
| Class Hydrozoa | Cnidarian class that includes the Portuguese Man-O-War |
| Class Scyphozoa | Cnidarian class that includes true jellyfishes |
| Class Cubozoa | Cnidarian class that includes the box jellyfish |
| Phylum Molluska | Phylum that includes soft bodied animals such as the snails, clams and squids |
| Class Gastropoda | Mollusk class that includes the snails and slugs |
| Class Bivalvia | Mollusk class that includes clams, scallops, mussels, and oysters |
| Class Cephalopoda | Mollusk class that includes the squid and octopus |
| Mantle | Muscular body of the squid that covers the internal organs |
| Arms | The eight shorter appendages of the squid |
| Tentacles | The two longer appendages of the squid |
| Gills | The feathery structures inside of a squid that are used in gas exchange |
| Phylum Arthropoda | Phylum that includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans |
| Subphylum Chelicerata | Arthropod subphylum that includes spiders and horseshoe crabs |
| Subphylum Crustacea | Arthropod subphylum that includes crabs, shrimp, and lobsters |
| Order Decapoda | Order that includes crustaceans with ten legs such as crabs, shrimp and lobsters |
| Cheliped | The large claw on the crayfish |
| Carapace | The shell that covers the head and thorax of a crayfish |
| Antennae | The longer pair of antennae on a crayfish |
| Antennues | The shorter pair of antennae on a crayfish |
| Uropod | The tail fin on a crayfish |
| Bilateral | Crayfish body symmetry |
| Phylum Echinodermata | Phylum that includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers |
| Class Crinoidea | Echinoderm class that includes feather stars and sea lilies |
| Class Echinoidea | Echinoderm class that includes sea urchins and sand dollars |
| Class Holothuroidea | Echinoderm class that includes sea cucumbers |
| Class Asteroidea | Echinoderm class that includes sea stars or starfishes |
| Phylum Chordata | Phylum that includes lancelets, tunicates, and vertebrates |
| Subphylum Urochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes tunicates |
| Subpylum Cephalochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes lancelets |
| Lancelet | Invertebrate chordate that resembles a fish, but does not has a skeleton of any kind |
| Subphylum Vertebrata | Chordate subphylum that includes chordates that have a notochord surrounded by bony vertebrae. |
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