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caste in the Hindu religion, a social group into which people are born and which they cannot change; each group assigned jobs colony a territory ruled by another nation boycott a refusal to buy or use goods and services to show disapproval or bring about change partition a division into parts or portions subcontinent a large landmass that is a major part of a contintent alluvial made of soil deposited by rivers; fertile, rich soil. Heavily populated areas; created by Indus and Ganges rivers. cash crop a crop (such as tea, cotton, coffee, and surgar cane) that is raised or gathered to be sold for money on the local or world market. problems with cash crops the economy of a region can become dependent on world prices for the crops. When the prices fall, they do not bring in enough money. When they fail, farmers may not earn enough money. Himalayas a natural barrier between South Asian and the rest of Asia stretching 1,550 miles from east to west. Mt. Everest the world's tallest mountain rising 29,035 feet, or about 5.5 miles high. Pakistan and Afghanistan lie to the west of India lie along the slopes of the Himalayas Bhutan and Nepal to the east of India Bangladesh Sri Lanka and Maldives lie off the southern tip of India begin in the Himalayas and flow across northern India emptying into the Bay of Bengal the Ganges and the Indus Rivers Indus flows westward into Pakistan carrying minerals for farming plains located around the rivers and contain fertile soil. Area is heavily populated monsoons seasonal winds that change direction with the change of season, and work their way inland. summer monsoons from June to early October; these winds blow over the surface of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean blowing southwest winds and rain. winter monsoons winds moving inland from the northeast that move dry, cold air toward South Asia Brahmaputra a river that leaves good farming areas that starts in the Himalayas and moves east across the northern part of India. South Asia 70% of the population lives here, in rural areas, because of the fertile river valleys that are good for growing crops. resources iron, ore, coal, copper, limestone, bauxite (aluminum), hydroelectric and nuclear power what does IOCCLBHNP stand for? hint: In Our Class, Crazy Little Babies Hide Near Poles iron, ore, coal, copper, limestone, bauxite, hydroelectric, nuclear power (resources of India) Buddhism leader of this religion; Siddhartha Gautama, also referred to as Budda, who taught people that they could be free from suffering if they would give up selfish desires. Mohenjo-Daro ancient city near the Indus River conatining a large walled fortress from a civilization developed over 4,500 years ago. religion of Buddhism developed in India and spread to China, Tibet, Korea, and Japan; but almost completely died out in India. the main religion of India Hinduism Brahma the creator of the universe in the Hindu religion. He has 5 heads; the fifth head was destroyed by Shiva because Brahma had offended him. Vishnu the preserver of the universe in the Hindu religion Shiva appears in many different forms, including the destroyer of the universe, in the Hindu religion Brahmin priests and teachers (Hindu-highest class) Ksatriyas Warriors and rulers (Hindu-2nd highest class) Vaisyas farmers, merchants, artisans (Hindu-3rd class) Sudras laborers (Hindu-last class) Outcastes untouchables; lowest of the Hindu, not even considered a class. Taj Mahal Emperor Shah Jahan had it built as a tomb for his wife, and it is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world India was colonized by the British The British East India Company controlled most of India under British government rule when and how did India gain independence? lIn 1947, Mohandas Gandhi led the people of India to resist British rule using nonviolent means such as; boycotting British goods and services 1858-1947 UK colony in India fighting erupted as demands arose for a state where Muslims would be the majority in India, and in 1947, this led to the ________________ of the subcontinent into two nations. partition India's partition resulted in the division of India into Pakistan and India Kashmir India and Pakistan fight over the rights to this land because each claim rights to it. Both nations tested nuclear weapons over the conflict. percent of India considered Hindu 80% percent of people in India that speak Hindi 30% East Pakistan broke away to form Bangladesh official language of India Hindi drought a long period of dry weather green revolution a worldwide effort to develop food production in a developing country self-sufficient able to support one's own needs without any outside assistance tributary a river that flows into a larger river three main water supplies in Pakistan the Indus River, monsoon rains, and slow-melting glaciers world's largest_________________ system irrigation Pakistan is a/an _________________ type economy agricultural Pakistan's major religion Islam Pakistan's resources cotton, wheat, sugar cane, rice effect of Green Revolution on Pakistanis the year 2000 was the first year that Pakistan did not have to import wheat. problem with irrigation salts build up in the soil that are left behind and ,over time, they build up and cause plant growth to slow. hydroelectricity electricity made from water that supplies electric power to Pakistan's industries.