C7: Behavior and Social Cognitive Approaches
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sdjohnson123 Plus on April 6, 2010
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"i love my group!" when really they hate you all
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 learning |  A relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge, and thinking skills, which comes about through experience. |
| behaviorism |  The view that behavior should be explained by observable experiences, not by mental processes. |
| mental processes |  Thoughts, feelings, and motives that cannot be observed by others. |
| associate learning | Learning that two events are connected (associated). |
| classical conditioning |  A form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response (think Pavlov). |
| systematic desensitization |  A method based on classical conditioning that reduces anxiety by getting the individual to associate deep relaxation with successive visualizations of increasingly anxiety-provoking situations. |
| operant conditioning |  Also called instrumental conditioning, this is a form of learning in which the consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability that the behavior will occur. (think BF Skinner) |
| reinforcement (reward) |  A consequence that increases the probability that a behavior will occur. |
| punishment |  A consequence that decreases the probability that a behavior will occur. |
| positive reinforcement |  Reinforcement based on the principle that the frequency of a response increases because it is followed by a rewarding stimulus. |
| negative reinforcement |  Reinforcement based on the principle that the frequency of a response increases because of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus is removed. |
| applied behavior analysis |  Application of the principles of operant conditioning to change human behavior. |
| Premack principle |  The principle that a high-probability activity can serve as a reinforcer for a low-probability. |
| schedules of reinforcement |  Partial reinforcement timetables that determine when a response will be reinforced. |
| contracting |  Putting reinforcement contingencies into writing. |
| prompt |  An added stimulus or cue that is given just before a response will occur. |
| shaping |  Teaching new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations to a specified target behavior. |
| time out |  Removing an individual from positive reinforcement. |
| response cost | Taking a positive reinforcer away from an individual. |
| social cognitive theory |  Bandura's theory that social and cognitive factors, as well as behavior, play important roles in learning. |
| self efficacy |  The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes. |
| observational learning |  Learning that involves acquiring skills, strategies, and beliefs by observing others. |
| cognitive behavior approaches |  Changing behavior by getting individuals to monitor, manage, and regulate their own behavior rather than letting it be controlled by external factors. |
| self instructed methods |  Cognitive behavior techniques aimed at teaching individuals to modify their own behavior. |
| self regulatory learning |  The self-generation and self-monitoring of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to reach a goal. |
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- "positive reinforcement" image
- "contracting" image
- "prompt" image
- "shaping" image
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