1.
acrocyanosis: hands and feet appear cyanotic during times of stress and cold temperatures
2.
adolescence: period of 11-21 years of age / rapid growth, sexual maturation, cognitive refinement
3.
anorexia/restrictive eating behavior signs: cold intolerance, lanugo, pedal edema, dry skin, alopecia, bradycardia, hypotension, amenorrhea, loss of strength
4.
anterior fontanelle: soft spot at top of newborn's head / closes between 9-18 months of age
5.
apnea: the cessation of breathing
6.
atopic dermatitis / eczema: chronic skin disorder / intense itching, patches, erythema / first year of life
7.
babinski: reflex where infant extends and fans toes when plantar surface is stroked
8.
bulimia/binge signs: bloodshot eyes, broken blood vessels on face, swollen parotid glands, weight fluctuations
9.
cafe au lait lesions: hyper pigmented lesions ranging from light to dark brown / may indicate neurofibromatosis (nerve tissue tumors)
10.
candida albicans: yeast infection
11.
caput succedaneum: edema resulting from collection of fluid in tissue at top of skull
12.
cephalocaudal: development progresses in a head-to-toe fashion
13.
cephalohematomas: blood collections inside of the skull's periosteum / do not cross suture lines / increases risk of jaundice during first week of life
14.
choanal atresia: congenital defect that results in a thin membrane that obstructs the nasal passages / severe respiratory distress if untreated
15.
chordee: fixed downward curving of the penile shaft
16.
coarctation of the aorta: narrowing of aorta with decreased femoral pulses and bounding upper extremity pulses
17.
cranial sutures: palpable gaps between bones of skull
18.
craniosynostosis: abnormal skull flattening and altered brain growth / caused by premature closing of the cranial sutures
19.
craniosynostosis: cranial deformity due to premature fusion of the cranial bones / skull appears flattened / results in impaired brain growth of untreated
20.
cryptorchidism: failure of one or both testicles to descend through inguinal canal during final stages of fetal development / greater risk of testicular cancer
21.
dacryostenosis: blocked tear ducts / normal until 9 months of age
22.
developmental dysplasia of the hip: congenital disorder resulting from inadequate development of hip socket
23.
ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale: areas in prenatal child's heart where blood shunts away from heart and liver / closes upon first breaths after birth
24.
epiglottitis: inflammation of cartilage that covers trachea
25.
epiphyseal plates: location of bone growth / ends of bones
26.
erb's palsy: paralysis of shoulder and upper arm
27.
esotropia: eye moves inward
28.
exotropia: eye moves outward
29.
genu valgum: knock-kneed
30.
genu varum: bowlegs
31.
gynecomastia: benign development of breast tissue in males
32.
hydrocele: fluid filled sack within the scrotum
33.
hypospadias: an abnormal positioning of the urethral opening along the ventral surface of the penis or shaft of the penis
34.
infants: children between 1-12 months of age
35.
innocent murmurs: arise from increased blood flow across normal heart structures / grade I-II/IV intensity, systolic, not associated with thrills
36.
labial adhesions: fusion of labia minor
37.
lambdoidal sutures: separates the temporal and occipital bones of the skull
38.
lanugo: covering of fine hair in newborns that is most prominent on upper chest, shoulders, and back
39.
laryngomalacia / tracheomalacia: congenital defects of the cartilage in the larynx and trachea / noisy breathers
40.
macrocephaly: head is above 95th percentile in circumference
41.
macroglossia: unusual enlargement of the tongue
42.
metopic sutures: separates frontal and temporal bones
43.
microcephaly: head is below 5th percentile in circumference
44.
milia: tiny, smooth, white cysts of the hair follicle / present at birth on forehead and nose / called epstein's pearls when on the gums
45.
mongolian spots: dark bluish pigmentation common african american, asian, and hispanic children / common on base of spine / newborns
46.
morbilliform: erythematous, confluent macules and papules / caused by viruses and occur in toddlers and preschoolers
47.
moro: reflex where infant extends arms with fingers spread and flexes legs at loud sounds
48.
muscular dystrophy: x-linked genetic disorder resulting in progressive loss of muscle function
49.
newborns: children between birth and 1 month / dramatic change in health and weight
50.
osgood-schlatter: disorder of older children caused by repetitive strain at insertion of quadriceps ligament at tibial tubercle
51.
otitis media: middle ear infections
52.
palmar grasp: reflex where infant grasps objects placed in palm
53.
percentiles: used to assess growth rate and health for children 20 years of age and under
54.
periorbital cellulitis: fast-progressing, serious bacterial infection of periorbital tissue
55.
plantar grasp: reflex where infant curls toes when base of toes is touched
56.
polydactyly: presence of extra finger or toe
57.
posterior fontanelle: opening in the skull of newborn / rear of head / closes by 2 months of age
58.
preschoolers: children between 3-5 years of age / motor and language skill refinement
59.
rooting: reflex where if infant's cheek is stroked, head will turn to that side with mouth open
60.
salmon patches: stork bites / small macules and patches caused by intradermal capillaries
61.
school age: children between 6-10 years of age / cognitive and social growth
62.
scoliosis: lateral curvature of lumbar or thoracic spine / common in children with neuromuscular deficits
63.
sinus arrhythmia: heart period variability / heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration / parasympathetic enervation of the heart
64.
splenomegaly: enlarged spleen / vulnerable to trauma
65.
stepping: reflex where infant flexes leg and takes steps if the infant is upright with feet touching surface
66.
strawberry hemangiomas: red macules that blanch with pressure and grow into spongy nodules / disappear by age 9
67.
teratogens: substances that can cause birth defects
68.
thelarche: breast budding / first pubertal sign in females
69.
toddlers: children between the ages of 1-3 years of age / motor skill improvement, language development
70.
tonic neck: reflex where infant extends arm and legs on side head is turned / opposite arm and leg flex
71.
umbilical hernias: protrusion at umbilicus / visible at birth
72.
vernix caseosa: cheesy white substance coating skin at birth
73.
wilms tumor: malignancy of the kidney commonly seen in infants and toddlers
