Language of Medicine Chapter 11 Pronunciation of Terms
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justk3771 on April 11, 2010
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Language of Medicine Chapter 11 Pronunciation of Terms
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Language of Medicine Chapter 11 Pronunciation of Terms
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148 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 angiography | examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| anoxia | deprivation of oxygen |
| aorta | largest artery in the body |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
| arrhythmia | irregular or abnormal rhythm, usually referring to the heart rhythm |
| arterial anastomosis | Surgical joining together of two arteries. |
| arteriography | process of recording (x-ray) arteries after injecting contrast material |
| arteriole | small artery |
| arterosclerosis | Hardening of arteries (the most common cholesterol-like deposits (plaque) in arteries) |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| atherectomy | surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery |
| atheroma | fatty tissue tumor inside a large vessel |
| atherosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries |
| atrial | pertaining to an upper chamber of the heart |
| atrioventricular bundle | in the heart, conducts the electrical impulse from the atrioventricular node into the ventricles |
| atrioventricular node | neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His |
| atrium; atria | one of the two upper chambers of the heart |
| brachial artery | pertaining to the artery in the arm |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heart rate |
| bundle of his | specialized conduction tissue in the interventricular septum divides into the right and left branches |
| capillary | smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products |
| carbon dioxide | gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine |
| cardiogenic shock | inadequate functioning of heart (heart attack or heart disease) |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| coronary arteries | the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle |
| cyanosis | a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes |
| deoxygenated blood | blood that is oxygen poor |
| diastole | relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| electrocardiogram | a record of the electrical activity of the heart that, if abnormal, may indicate heart disease |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| endothelium | innermost lining of blood vessel |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood |
| hypoxia | deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells |
| interventricular septum | wall between the right and left ventricles |
| mitral valve | a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| mitral valvulitis | Inflammation of the mitral valve. |
| myocardium | heart muscle |
| myxoma | Benign tumor of the heart. The tumor is embedded in soft mucoid stromal tissue. |
| normal sinus rhythm | heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute |
| oxygen | gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells |
| pacemaker | a device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat |
| pericardiocentesis | surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart in order to remove fluid |
| pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| phlebotomy | incision of a vein |
| pulmonary artery | artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
| pulmonary valve | valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary vein | vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart |
| pulse | the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart |
| septum | a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart |
| sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart |
| sphygmomanometer | a pressure gauge for measuring blood pressure |
| stethoscope | instrument used for listening to internal body sounds |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues |
| systole | contraction of the heart |
| tachycardia | rapid heart beat |
| thrombolysis | destruction of a clot |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with clot formation |
| tricuspid valve | valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| valve | a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward |
| valvotomy | incision of a valve |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a heart valve |
| vascular | pertaining to blood vessels |
| vasoconstriction | reduction in the lumen as the smooth muscle contracts |
| vasodilation | widening of the blood vessels that allows for increased blood flow |
| vein | a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart |
| vena cava | largest vein in the body |
| venipuncture | puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion |
| venous | pertaining to a vein or the veins |
| ventricle | lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart |
| venule | a vessel that carries blood from a capillary to a vein |
| Ace inhibitor | angiotensin-converting enzyme; relax blood vessels; blood pressure hypertension and heart failure |
| acute coronary syndrome | sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart |
| aneurysm | local widening of an artery |
| angina | pain or discomfort in the chest or adjacent areas caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle and a build up of lactic acid |
| angiography | X-ray of the blood vessels after injecting a contrast medium |
| atrioventricular block | failure of proper conduction of impulses from SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle - bundle of His |
| atrial fibrillation | when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall |
| auscultation | hearing sounds within the body through a stethoscope |
| beta blocker | A drug that slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, controls angina and protects patients with prior heart attacks from future heart attacks |
| bruit | soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation; murmur |
| calcium channel blocker | Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension). |
| cardiac arrest | Sudden, unexpected stopping of heart action; sudden cardiac death |
| cardiac catheterization | A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery |
| cardiac MRI | Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves |
| cardiac tamponade | acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity |
| cardioversion | procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest |
| claudication | the process of lameness, limping; may result from inadequate blood supply to the muscles in the leg |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
| computed tomography angiography | three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography. |
| congenital heart disease | heart abnormality present at birth |
| congestive heart failure | The inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, or requiring elevated filling pressures in order to pump effectively |
| coronary artery disease | disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
| coronary artery bypass graft | surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a deep vein on the body, occurring most frequently in the iliac and femoral veins. |
| digoxin | digitalis preparation (trade name Lanoxin) used to treat congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia |
| digital subtraction angiography | a process of radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied |
| doppler ultrasound | a study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels |
| echocardiography | recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion |
| electrocardiography | process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
| electron beam computed tomography | Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose CAD |
| embolus | A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream. |
| endartectomy | surgical removal of plaque from an artery that is narrowed or blocked |
| endocarditits | inflammation of the inner layer of the heart |
| extracorporeal circulation | pertaining to the circulation of the blood outside the body via a heart-lung machine or hemodialyze |
| fibrillation | chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation |
| flutter | abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm) |
| heart transplantation | replacement of a diseased or malfunctioning heart with a donor's heart. |
| hemorrhoids | varicose veins near the anus. |
| holter monitoring | an ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias |
| hypertension | abnormally high blood pressure |
| implantable cardioverter defibrillator | Small electric device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmia and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm. |
| infarction | necrosis of tissue due to ischemia |
| ischemia | insufficient blood flow to an area |
| left ventricular assist device | Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. An LVAD is a "bridge to transplant" or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible. |
| lipid tests | measurement of cholesterol triglycerides (fats) in blood sample |
| lipoprotein electrophoresis | lipoproteins are physically separated in a blood sample |
| mitral stenosis | narrowing of the mitral valve |
| mitral valve prolapse | improper closure of the mitral valve |
| murmur | an abnormal sound of the heart |
| myocardial infarction | death of the heart muscle; heart attack |
| nitroglycerin | A nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina |
| occlusion | closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel) |
| palpitations | Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias |
| patent ductus arteriosus | a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth |
| percutaneous coronary intervention | a balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery, stents are put in place |
| pericardial friction rub | Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
| peripheral vascular disease | blockage of blood vessels outside the heart |
| petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin |
| positron emission tomography | using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain) |
| radiofrequency catheter ablation | destruction of abnormal cardiac electrical pathways causing arrhythmias. |
| Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes |
| rheumatic heart disease | damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever |
| septal defects | Small holes in the septa between the atria and ventricles |
| serum enzyme tests | chemicals measured in blood as evidence heart attack |
| statins | drugs that have powerful lipid lowering properties |
| stress test | performed to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress |
| telemetry | electronic transmission of data |
| tetralogy of fallot | A congenital malformation of the heart involving for distinct defects. |
| technetium 99m sestamibi scan | A radioactive chemical is injected IV and shows perfusion of blood in heart muscle. It is taken up in the area of a myocardial infarction, producing hot spots |
| thrill | vibration felt on palpation of the chest |
| thrombolytic therapy | therapy consisting of the administration of a pharmacological agent to cause thrombolysis of an abnormal blood clot |
| thrombotic occlusion | blockage of a vessel due to a clot |
| varicose veins | abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs |
| vegatations | clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on the endocardium in conditions such as bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. |
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