| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Suspension | A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration |
| Solution | A well mixed mixture |
| Solvent | The part of a solution present in the largest amount and that dissolves other substances |
| Solute | The part of a solution present in a lesser amount and that is dissolved by the solvent |
| Dilute solution | A mixture that has little solute dissolved in it |
| Concentrated solution | A mixture that has a lot of solute dissolved in it |
| Solubility | A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature |
| Saturated solution | A mixture that has so much solute in it that no more will dissolve |
| Unsaturated solution | A mixture in which more solute can be dissolved |
| Acid | A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red. |
| Corrosive | The way in which acids react with some metals so as to eat away the metal |
| Indicator | A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base |
| Base | A substance that tastes bitter, feels, and turns red litmus blue |
| Hydrogen ion | A positively charged ion formed of hydrogen atom that has lost its electron |
| Hydroxide ion | A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen. |
| pH scale | A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| Acid rain | Rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air |
| Neutralization | A reaction of an acid with a base, yielding a solution that is not as acidic or basic as the starting solutions were |
| Salt | An ionic compound that can form from the neutralization of an acid with a base |
| Digestion | The process that breaks down complex molecules of food into smaller molecules |
| Mechanical digestion | The physical process that ears, grinds, and mashes large food particles into |
| Chemical digestion | The process that breaks large food molecules into smaller molecules |
| Nuclear reaction | A reaction involving the particles in the nucleus of an atom that can change one element into another element |
| Isotope | An atom with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element |
| Mass number | The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Radioactive decay | The process in which the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy |
| Nuclear radiation | Particles and energy released from a radioactive nucleus |
| Alpha particle | A type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons |
| Beta particle | An electron that is given off as nuclear radiation |
| Gamma radiation | A type of nuclear radiation made of high-energy waves |
| Half-life | The length of time needed for half the mass of a radioactive isotope to decay |
| Radioactive dating | The process of determining the age of an object using the half-life of one or more radioactive isotopes |
| Tracer | A radioactive isotope that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process |
| Radiation therapy | A process in which radioactive elements are used to destroy unhealthy cells |
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