AK2 Brain Stem
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sensory tracts | travel through the brain stem from spinal cord on way to cerebrum |
| main motor tract | travel through the entire length of brain stem |
| eleven | number of cranial nerves run to and from brain stem motor and sensory for head and neck |
| cortico bulbar tract | carries messages fom brain stem to cranial nerve nuclei |
| CV, respiratory, wakefulness | general body functions brainstem controls |
| midbrain, pons, medula | tracts are less organized in these three subdivisons |
| midbrain | consists of 2 cerebral peduncles |
| eye movements | midbrain controls with major motor nuclei |
| corticobulbar and cortico spinal (in midbrain) | two huge pair of tracts carrying signals from cerebral hemispheres |
| pons | round bulging structure separating midbrain from medulla |
| pons (sensory input and out put to face) | contains cranial nerve nuclei associated with motor output to face |
| medulla | direct upward extension of the spinal cord and contains fiber tracts that are continuations of those in spinal cord |
| reflex activities (medulla) | involved in the respiratory and cardio vascular systems |
| diencephalon | highest portion of brain stem |
| diencephalon (sensory tracts, visual and auditory pathways) | major tracts that have crossed spinal cord and brain stem and synapsed here |
| cerebellum | sits posterior cranial fossa of cranial cavity, located above 4 ventricle |
| roof (cerebellum - of the 4th ventricle) | because of its location it is said to be this part of the 4th ventricle |
| tentorium cerebelli | part of meninges separate cerebrum from cerebellum |
| folia | narrow sulci covering cerebellum (also fissures) |
| neural ectoderm | crebellum develops from |
| archicerebellum | also known as the flocculondular and vestibulocerebellum = lowest part of the cerebellum closely assicated w vestibular system = controls posture and equlibrium |
| flocculondular lobe | also known as the archicerebellum and vestibulocerebellum = controls posture and equlibrium (inferior part of cerebellum) |
| vestibulocerebellum | also known as the archicerebellum and flocculondular lobe = controls posture and equilibrium (inferior part of cerebellum) |
| paleocerebellum | superior portion of cerebellum = concerned with regulation of muscle tone receives impulses from stretch receptors via spinocerebellar tract also known as the anterior lobe and spinocerebellum |
| anterior lobe | also known as the paleocerebellum and spinocerebellar tract - concerned w regulation of muscle tone - receives impules from stretch receptors via spinocerebellar tract (superior portion) |
| spinocerebellum | also known as the anterior lobe and the paleocerebellum - concerned w regulation of muscle tone recieves impulses form stretch receptors via spinocerebellar tract (superior portion) |
| neocerebellum | mid portion of cerebellum controls muscular coordination especially in the extremities also known as the posterior lobe and the ponto cerebellum |
| posterior lobe | also known as the neocerebellum and ponto cerebellum controls muscular coordination especially the extremities (mid portion) |
| pontocerebellum | also known as the neocerebellum and posterior lobe controls muscular coordination especially the extremities (mid portion) |
| cerebellum (main functions) | muscle synergy control timing and movement of muscles so they come out a smooth coordinated action |
| cerebellum (main functions) | synchronicity agonist and antagonist (great modulator of motor activites) |
| cerebellum (main functions) | together w vestibular system maintains muscle tone and equilibrium |
| cerebellum (main functions) | acts as a motor regulator of other centers of the brain but doesn't initiate any movment or motor activity |
| servomechanism (cerebellum main functions) | negative feed back system preventing osscilations (tremors) during motions thereby maintain stabilty in motion |
| hearing and feeling (cerebellar lesion) | damage loss motor activity except in: |
| slow in starting and stopping (cerebellar lesion) | if affected there will be no paralysis but movements will be uncoordinated |
| speach (cerebellar lesion) | affected there will be difficulty in pronunciation and explosive |
| hypotonia (neocerebellar lesions) | term for decrease tendon reflexes muscles are sluggish and pendular |
| weak and flabby (neocerebellar lesion) | muscles tire easily and are: |
| puppet like (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | decomposition of movement = jerky |
| dysmetria (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | inabiltiy to measure distance accurately over shooting or passed pointing |
| adiadochokinesis (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | inability to execute alternating and repetitive movements in rapid secession - ipsilateral |
| tremors (neocerebellar lesion) | during voluntary movments - intention or action |
| rebound phenomenon (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | term for loss of normal check between agonist and antagonist = puppet like behavior |
| dysarthiria (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | term for scanning speach due to uncoordination of muscles of speach - hesitant and slurred speach explosive, stacatto character |
| ataxia (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | drunken gait |
| nystagmus (neocerebellar lesion) (archicerebellar too) | uncoordination of eye |
| archicerebellar lesion | similar to neocerebellar lesions but ataxia isn't associated w tremors nor hypotonia |
| paleocerebellar lesion | possible effect on muscle tone will be increased stretch reflexes in muscles of support and antigravity muscles |
| anti gravity muscles | quads, abs, erector spinae - spastic in paleocrebellar lesion |
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