Science TEST vocab chapter 2
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Diffusion | The movement of particles form regions of higher density to regions of lower density. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. |
| Active Transport | The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and enclose the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. |
| Exocytosis | The process in which a cell releases a particle enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. |
| Fermentation | The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen. |
| Cell Cycle | The life cycle of a cell. |
| Chromosome | In eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the the nucleus that are mad up of DNA and protein, in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure. |
| Mitosis | In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes. |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of a cell. |
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