Geology Lab Study Guide
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nitrates | Make up 78% of earths atmosphere |
| Phosphates | Major source of pollution in lakes and streams |
| Chlorine | Highly reactive gaseous mixture |
| E. Coli | Bacteria. Commonly used bacteria indicator of foods and water |
| pH | Measurement of H+ ion concentration. |
| ppm | parts per million |
| dissolves ions | Calcium, Magnesium |
| Air pollution is caused by | Sulfuric acid |
| What are the two causes of air pollution | Human activities, Abnormal amounts of gas particles |
| Effect of air pollution | harm health(asthma) and environment |
| Common types of air pollution | particle pollution, ground level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, lead |
| Cause of severity of air pollution | climate, topography, population density, industrial activities |
| carbon monoxide health effects | Kill within minutes |
| Carbon dioxide health effects | Affects respiratory functions |
| What is smog | Chemical mixture of gases than forms a browning yellow haze in photo |
| Components of smog | O3, NOx, SO2 |
| Causes of smog gases | photo chemical reaction between certain airborne pollutants and sunlight |
| What is incomplete combustion | Fuel contains carbon. Sometimes CO isn't fully oxidized to CO2 |
| What is Carbon Monoxide | colorless, odorless, tasteless gas effect of incomplete combustion |
| Why is indoor air pollution a concern | spend most of our lives indoor, indoor air is poorly circulated |
| What is Acid Rain | major air pollution, made from suldur oxide |
| How is acid rain made | Sulfur oxides from burning coal to produce electricity mixes with water which produces sulfuric acid |
| What mineral is responsible for acid rain | pyrite |
| How is acid rain treated | limestone, calcite, dolomite, CaO |
| Bedrock Susceptibility acids, high to low | Granite, Intermediate igneous rock, mafic igneous rock, limestone |
| What is a pH Scale | 1-14 logarithmic scale of H+ |
| What is acid | pH less than 7 |
| What is alkaline | pH more than 7 |
| H+ increases while pH increases or decreases | decreases |
| What has more h+ acid/alkaline | acid |
| Layers of atmosphere Near -> Far | Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere |
| What are the greenhouse gases | CO2, H2O, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide |
| sources of greenhouse | combustion of fossil fuels, agriculture |
| What is the greenhouse effect | long wave radiation sent back to earth surface to warm the earth |
| What is shortwave radiation | absorbed by earth surfaces, heats earth |
| What is the long wave radiation | Energy re-emitted from earth |
| What is global warming | Rise in CO2 increases greenhouse effect and raises temperature |
| How do scientist know the past climate | Extract air bubbles from ice cube to analyze and provide information on past |
| What latitudes warm faster (high or lower) | higher |
| pH 7 = _ Moles | .000000001 M |
| DO newer cars produce more or less CO2 | less |
| What is acid mine drainage | Pyrite and gold - > sulfuric acid |
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