| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Buddhism | a religion founded by Siddartha Gautama in India in the 500s B.C.; "teachings of te Awakened One" |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; grew up a wealthy prince in the warrior class; had a family and became a monk; through meditation gained enlightenment; called the Buddha |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Great leader from India who used non-violence to protest for independence, gender equity, and peaceful conflict resolution |
| Taliban | a group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government in 1996 |
| martial law | temporary military rule during a time of war, or a time when the normal government has broken down; in Pakistan from 1958-1988 |
| Dalit | a member of a group of people in India, once known as "untouchables", who were outside the caste system; were considered lower than the lowest caste; have gained some rights under India's new constitution |
| Indira Gandhi | became India's first woman prime minister in 1966 |
| panchayat | a village council in India; govern themselves |
| Mangla Dam | a dam built on the Jhelum River in northeast Pakistan to control floodwaters and to provide hydroelectricity |
| Tarbela Dam | a dam built on the Indus River to improve irrigation and flood control |
| Punjabi | a language spoken in Pakistan (p) |
| Sindhi | a language spoken in Pakistan (s) |
| Urdu | the official language of Pakistan |
| mandala | in southeast asia, a political system in which a central ruler worked to gain support from others and used trade and business to influence others and maintain power |
| military dictatorship | a government ruled by a person in the military |
| East Timor | an island nation in southeast asia; gained its independence from Portugal in 1975 and then Indonesia took over; 1999 the voted for independence |
| Ho Chi Minh | Vietnam's independence movement leader from France; studied communism |
| Politburo | a group that heads the only politaical party in Vietnam; communists |
| doi moi | name of a Vietnamese policy, meaning "change for the new"; 1986- individuals gain more control of some industries |
| supply and demand | an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply) |
| Tet | the Vietnamese New Year; the most important national holiday marking the beginning of spring |
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