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Where do we get the name Daniel for the book of Daniel? from the main character What does Daniel mean? 'God is Judge' or 'God is my Judge' or 'God's Judge' Dating of the book of Daniel is tied to the lifetime of Daniel, which is? 620-530 B.C. What is the evidence for within historical record that Daniel was written on or before 530 B.C. most likely? • Linguistic considerations suggest a date older than 2nd century B.C. • Vocabulary and style of both the Hebrew and the Aramaic portions suggest a date closer to the 6th century B.C. • Known historical information is more accurate than was thought to be true in 2nd century B.C. What is the evidence that Daniel was written during the Maccabean Period (167 BC)? • problem of Greek loan words and Persian loan words (known even before Daniel's time and some vocabulary was so obsolete that the LXX mistranslated the terms.) • Historical inaccuracies (realizing that they are accurate e.g. Nabonidus/Belshazzar) What is the purpose of Daniel? God is in control What is evidence that Daniel the prophet wrote the book of Daniel? a) Jesus says Daniel—Matt. 24:15 b) Historical confirmation What is another option for authorship of Daniel? Some anonymous patriot of Maccabean Period What is the structural division of Daniel that goes from chapters 1-6? Historical Material What is the structural division of Daniel that goes from chapters 7-12? Prophetic Material What is the three points of main content in Daniel? 1. The three friends 2. The life of Daniel 3. The Apocalypse of Daniel What are the six major themes of Daniel 1. God is God of all 2. God's domain is unlimited 3. Faith is tested 4. God holds the future 5. Preservation is from God 6. The future One problem with Daniel is that although events were foretold, those evens are not? agreed upon Who actually ruled, and who played archaeologist in the book of Daniel? Balshazzar's actual rule while Nabonidus played archaeologist In Daniel there is also a problem with? Darius the Mede The chronology of Daniel focuses on the transition between what two Empires? Bablyon to Persia The lifetime of Daniel occurs where? in Babylon What are three major geographic features of Daniel? A. Babylon B. Tigris C. Euphrates Basin What are four main literary elements of Daniel? Historical Narrative // Visions of Prophecy B. Imagery in Visions E. Apocalyptic Literature With what section is Daniel placed in Hebrew scritpure? the writings, not prophets Daniel also contains Aramaic in what chapters and verses? 2:46-7:28 What did Jesus ben Sira in Ecclesiasticus 49:10 [c. 190 B.C.] say about the book of the 12? 1. Indicates a single collection parallel to Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. 2. Spoke of the collection as 'the twelve prophets.' 3. His reference may indicate that the 12 were recorded as a unit in a single scroll. What did Josephus in Against Apion I.40 (1.8.3) [c. AD 90 (?)] say about the book of the 12? 1. (This is conjectural) mentions 13 books besides Moses's and books of hymns and admonition. 2. The collection of the 12 seems to be viewed as a single unit. What did the Augustine City of God 18.25 [c. AD 422] lead us to believed about the book of the 12? 1. Calls the 12 'Minor' prophets 2. His reference designated size of the books in comparison to the 'Major' prophetic books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel By Jewish tradition, we recognize the prophets of the Assyrian Domination to be? Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah. By Jewish tradition, we recognize the Prophets during the Assyrian Decline and Babylonian Assension to be? Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah. By Jewish tradition, we recognize the Prophets during the Persian Period to be? Haggai, Zaechariah, and Malachi. There was no evidence concerning the arrangement of this book of the 12 by the Hebrew writing or LXX showed in? 1. Traditional Jewish arrangement is as listed above. 2. LXX re-sequences the books but likely did so by size of books. 3. Two of the major Manuscripts (Alexandrinus and Vaticanus) place the 12 before the Major Prophets. 4. Arrangement may be roughly chronological, or potentially thematic, or 'best fit' for the scroll What does Hosea mean? 'Salvation' (variations are Hoshea, Joshua, Yeshua, etc.) What would the possible lifespans of Hosea be, if the book of Hosea covers his lifetime? a) Kings indicate a time from c. 792-686 b) Jeroboam II indicates a time from c. 793-753 What would be the plausible reasons and numbers of dating if Completed after the fall of Samaria--emphasis upon Judean Kings in opening??? a) Living into the reign of Hezekiah (c. 715-686) indicates activity in the latter parts of Uzziah [Arariah] and Jeroboam II reigns. b) Failure to mention the final six Northern Kings may simply indicate the lack of claim. (4 of 6 were assassinated) What are the three main views of the authorship of Hosea? 1. Israelite (as opposed to Judean) Northern dialectic clues. 2. Hosea son of Beeri obvious candidate 3. There is no compelling argument to deny the stated author of the book. What is the purpose of Hosea? God loves even sinful Israel In Hosea what section is a symbolic narrative? 1-3 What is the message or story of the symbolic narrative in Hosea? 1. Parallel of God and his relationship with his people (wife) 2. Hosea's story What section includes the three sermons in Hosea? 4-14 Of the three sermons in Hosea where are the Sermons of Discipline located? 4:1-6:3 Of the three sermons in Hosea where is the Love sermon located? (6:4-10:15) Of the three sermons in Hosea where is the Restoration Sermons located? 11-14 What are the five major themes of Hosea? 1. Restoration has requirements 2. Marriage union = Religious union 3. Corruption destroys 4. God's loving kindness 5. Know the Lord The problem of Gomer in Hosea is what three types of literature? a) vision b) allegory c) literal—Gomer is an unfaithful wife In the book of Hosea, Jezreel means? God scatters In the book of Hosea, Lo Ruhamah means? not loved' 'unloved' 'not pitied' In the book of Hosea, Lo Ammi means? 'not my people' 'not my kid' In the book of Hosea, Gomer means? complete One of the major ideas in Hosea is that God is? longsuffering What century prophet is Hosea suspected to be and from what nation? 8th century prophet--Northerner to the North. What was a spiritual problem for the Israelites in the time of Hosea? Nature of Canaanite religion The relative chronology would say that Hosea had been written? A. Before death of Jeroboam II (753 B.C.) B. Until shortly before fall of Samaria (722 B.C.) What are three major literary features of Hosea? A. Narrative B. Sermons C. Illustration from life What are the geographic features of Hosea? the northern kingdom What does Joel mean? 'Jehovah is God' 'the LORD is God' 'Yahweh is God' In Joel are there any mentions of direct dating within the book? NO It can be inferenced that Internal and external evidence supports a pre-exile date for Joel? a) government implies kingship b) no borrowing from other prophets c) enemies are not enemies of late date d) grouping in Canon with Pre-exilic e) Greek (3:6) appear 8th cent. in other documents Under what king is the most likely date of Joel? Most likely period during reign of Joash (835 B.C.)—age of boy king reason for absence of name The author of Joel is? Joel What is the purpose of Joel? Repent, Judgement Comes Where is a call to repentance located in Joel? 1:1-2:32 What chapter of Joel contain the locust and drought? 1 What chapter of Joel contains the day of the Lord? 2 Where is a call to judgement located in Joel? 3:1-21 What chapter of Joel contains the nations being judged? 3:1-16a What chapter of Joel contains the restoration? 3:16b-21 What are the three themes of Joel? 1. Day of the Lord -- Any Day of the Lord's in breaking upon man 2. Apocalyptic images 3. Repentance possible What are the contributions of Joel? 1. Joel is known as the prophet of Pentecost 2. Day of the Lord What are the literary features of Joel? A. N.T. Pentecost Quotation B. Apocalyptic Literature What does the name Amos mean? 'burden'[note positive and negative overtones.] What is the approximate date of Amos? c. 750 (see Zech. 14:5 Who was Amos? 1. Southerner preaching to north 2. From Tekoa [non-professional prophet] What is the purpose of the book of Amos? The Lord's Justice will prevail In the Judgement section of Amos, where is the judgement of the nations found? 1:1-2:16 In the Judgement section of Amos, where is the offense of Israel found? 3:1-6:14 In the Hope section of Amos, where are the five visons found? 7:1-9:10 I the Hope section of Amos, where is the restoration found? 9:11-15 What are the four major points about the content of Amos? 1. The plight of the poor 2. The responsibility of those with means 3. God's people are responsible to exercise God's compassion and care 4. Biographical material on Amos What is the major theme of Amos? Justice (5:24) What are the 3 sub themes of Amos? 1. All subject to God 2. There is objective justice 3. Justice demands discipline What are the two contributions of Amos? 1. 5 Visions 2. Nature of Prophets What is the chronology of Amos? The beginning of the end for the North What are the three main literary features of Amos? A. Wisdom Literature "3 for 4" B. Visions C. Quoted in N.T. Acts 7:42-43 // 5:25-26 and Acts 15:16-18 // 9:11-12 The geographic features of Amos include? Tekoa, Bethel, Samaria What does Obadiah mean? the servant of the Lord The date of Obadiah is said to be ? revolve between c 840's to c. 586 BCE We believe the date of Obadiah to revolve between c 840's to c. 586 BCE because? 1. Philistine and Arab invasion occurs during the reign of Jehoram (c. 853-841 BCE) cf. 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-20 2. Fall of Jerusalem (586 BCE) cf. Jeremiah 49:7-22 = Obadiah 1-9 Who wrote Obadiah? Obadiah is an extremely common name with 13 different Obadiah's appearing in the text. 2. No lineage or other identifiers are listed beyond the name. What is the purpose of Obadiah? Edom's Judgement The title/author statement of Obadiah is located? in vs 1 The judgement of Edom is found where in the book of Obadiah? vs 2-14 The judgement and the Day of the Lord are found where in the book of Obadiah? vs 15-21 What is the theme of Obadiah? Edom's mistake What are subthemes of Obadiah? 1. Pride 2. Destruction 3. Day of the Lord What are contributions of Obadiah? 1. Connection with Jeremiah? [Jeremiah 49:7-22 and Obadiah 1-9] 2. Compare Ezekiel 35:13 and Ps 137--Edom's reaction What are the literary features of Obadiah? A. Use of the 'we' v 1 1. Editorial 2. National identification 3. Collection of prophets B. "In that day" v 8 C. Esau=Edom D. Edom's total destruction--Idumeans What is the geographic feature of Obadiah? Edom