english final
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Created by:
stooge2426 on April 21, 2010
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111 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 tone | attitude. Speaker's attitude toward the subject or topic. Influences the reader's attitude tpward the subject and the speaker. |
| intonation | the way something is said |
| satiric poetry | blends criticism with humor to convey a point, often conveying a message by ridiculing a person or group and/or some aspect of human behavior |
| persona | the fictitious character that is invented by the poet to be the speaker of the poem |
| irony | implies a discrepancy |
| verbal irony | character says something but means something else |
| sarcasm | an extreme form or verbal irony in which the comment is conspicuosly sharp or better |
| situational irony | readers expect a certain outcome but something else happens suprising the readers |
| dramatic irony | when the character says something to the audience but the audience already knows more |
| tragic irony | another name for dramatic irony |
| cosmic irony or irony of fate | when the fates or fate seems to have a cruel sense of humor and use it to conspire against human beings |
| image | a word or sequence of words that refer to any sensory experience |
| visual imagery | sight |
| auditory imagery | sound |
| tactile imagery | touch |
| olfactory imagery | smell |
| imagery | all images in a given poem or text taken together |
| haiku | 17 syllable japanese poem, 5-7-5 syllables, captures the intensity of a single moment linking two concrete images. tends to be seasonal |
| imagism | movement founded by Pound and inspired by HD which put forth the idea that the poem was the image. |
| Coleridge's distinction between prose and poetry | prose is "words in their best order" while poetry is "the best words in the best order" |
| explication | literally unfolding- the entire poem is explained in detail, adressing every element and unraveling the complexity as a means of analysis |
| symbol | something that suggests something larger more complex |
| conventional symbol | symbols traditionally recognized as having a standard meaning. ex..red rose symbolizes love |
| iconography | the visual or pictorial representation of a symbol..ex..crown representing royalty beyong just being a round metal be-jeweled hat |
| symbolic act | an action whos significance goes beyond its literal meaning |
| allegory | presents an abstract idea through concrete means...two parts: surface story, the larger meaning it suggests |
| parable | a short realistic illustrative story intended to teach a moral or religious lesson, a type of allegory. written in responce to to specific situations and address those situations allegorically |
| figurative language | describes one thing by relating it to something else |
| figures of speech | poetic language that relies not on literal meaning but on connotations, suggestions, and, most often comparisons |
| simile | comparison between unlike objects using like or as |
| metaphor | comparisond between to unlike things that does not use like or as but uses the verb to be |
| implied metaphor | metaphor that does not use the verb to be, instead the reader has to take an extra step to understand the comparison |
| extended metaphor | when the entirety of the poem is one long, involved metaphor |
| pun | play on words. reminds us of another word or words that are similar in sound but have a different denotation |
| apostrophe | direct adress to a person or object not usually spoken to. Could be an inanimate object, a person dead or absent, an abstraction. Dramatizes nonhuman things in human terms |
| hyperbole | exaggeration, overstatement |
| personification | bestowing humnan characterstics on an inhuman or inanimate object |
| understatement | opposite of hyperbole, this technique is ironic and creates emphasis in the other direction, by minimizing the importance or granduer of a given subject |
| metonymy | Figure of speech in which the name of the thing is substituted for that of another, closely related thing |
| synecdoche | a part of the whole represents all of it, or the whole represents a part |
| paradox | a seemingly contradictory statement which upon further examination turns out to be somehow accurate. often achieved through play on words |
| oxymoron | a condensed form of a paradox in which two apparently contradictory words are used together |
| onomatopoeia | words whose pronunciations mirror actual sounds, like buzz |
| euphony | harmonious effect of words that are put together in a pleasing way, reflects the themes of the poem |
| cacophony | words that are harsh and discordant |
| alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds |
| consonance | linked words share similar consonant sounds but different vowel sounds |
| assonance | repetition of vowel sounds, makes kind of rhyme-y sound (oo) |
| exact rhyme | full rhyme, initial consonant sound is different but the rest of the words rhyme exactly or perfectly |
| near rhyme | words that are close to being a rhyme but slightly off |
| end rhyme | rhymes occuring at the end of the poetic line |
| masculine rhyme | rhyming of single syllable words |
| feminine rhyme | rhyme in which each rhymes word has a stresses syllable and then one or more unstressed syllable following it |
| eye rhyme | words that look like they should rhyme according to their spelling |
| internal rhyme | rhyme that occurs within the line of poetry rather than at the end of the line |
| eye rhyme | spellings look alike but pronunciations differ, as in dough and bough |
| rhythm | pattern of stresses and pauses in poetry |
| prosody | the study in metrical structures in poetry |
| meter | recurrent, regular, rhythmic pattern in verse, involving the stressed and unstressed syllables of words |
| scansion | analyzing and describing the rhythmic patterns that make up lines of poetry by breaking them down into metrical feet, counting syllables, marking accents, and indicating pauses |
| stress/ accent | emphasis placed on a syllable in speech...stress is the basic principle of meter |
| unstressed syllables/ slack | syllables: those syllables that do not get emphasis in speech |
| caesura | pause within a line or verse. often in the middle, and often accompanied by punctuation |
| end-stopped line | a line of poetry that ends with a piece of punctuation to indicate a stop or pause of some sort |
| enjambment | running together of lines of poetry from one to the next without any pause at the end of a line |
| foot | basic unit of measurement in metrical poetry |
| iambic | a syllable metrical foot that looks like: IAMB = unaccented ACCENTED (bal/oon) U/ |
| iambic pentameter | most common meter in Engish language. 5 iambic feet per line. Shakespear wrote most of his plays in iambic pentameter |
| dactyl | a 3 syllable metrical foot....ACCENTED unaccented unaccented |
| trochee | a 2 syllable metrical foot that looks like ACCENTED unaccented |
| anapest | a metrical foot that looks like this: ACCENTED ACCENTED |
| closed form | poetry written in some pre existing pattern of meter, rhyme, line, or stanza. Includes sonnets, sestinas, villanelles, ballads |
| open form | verse that has no set or pre existing formal pattern |
| free verse | poetry that is written without metrical regularity, usually unrhymed |
| blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter |
| rhyme scheme | the [attern of rhyme found in a given piece |
| couplet | 2 line stanza in poetry usually rhymed which often has lines of equal lenght |
| closed couplet | type of couplet where the two line stanza rhymes and the lines convey a complete thought |
| heroic couplet | closed couplet written in rhymed iambic pentameter |
| tercet | a stanza with 3 lines |
| triplet | a tercet in which three lines rhyme |
| terza rima | a closed form made up of 3 line stanzas with an overlapping rhyme scheme; aba bcb cdc ded efe |
| quatrain | 4 line stanza |
| ballad stanza | most common pattern: 4 lines rhymed abcb. Falls into 8-6-8-6 syllables |
| common meter | has two pairs of rhymes and is the same as the ballad stanza |
| syllabic verse | poems written so that each line contains a certain number of syllables |
| English (Shakespearean) sonnet | 3 quatrains + couplet; abab cdcd efef gg |
| Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet | octave + sestet abba abba + cdecde or cdccdc or cdcdcd almost any rhyme scheme goes in the sestet Except a couplet |
| Octave | 8 line stanza |
| Sestet | 6 line stanza |
| epigram | short often comic or biting poem that offers a witty turn of though or meaning |
| limerick | closed form marked by 5 anapestic lines rhyming aabba. Lines 1,2 and 5 traditionally have three stressed syllables each, while lines 3 and 4 have two stresses each |
| abecedary | closed form in which poems in some way use the complete alphabet in order |
| acrostic | closed form in which the first letter of each line spells out a word of phrase when read vertically |
| villanelle | closed form containing 6 rhymed stanzas in which two lines are repeated in specific pattern |
| sestina | closed form of 39 lines composed of 6 line stanzas and a 3 line envoy. 6 stanzas, 6 end words are repeated according to a specific pattern. after these first 6 6 line stanzas, the final 3 line stanza, or envoy, finishes the poem by using all 6 of the repeated end words from the first 6 stanza. |
| pantoum | a closed form that can be any lenght; the key to the form is the use of 4 line stanzas. the 2nd and 4th lines of the each stanza are used as the first and third line of the following stanza. often the last line is the same as the first |
| elegy | a sad, meditative poem usually written to mark a death or some other solemn occasion, usually written in a very formal style |
| visual poetry | the shape of the poem in some way reflects the meaning |
| prose poetry | poetry in which the poet prints their poem in block, paragraph form and the poem is composed of sentences rather then lined poem |
| concrete poetry | designs or pictures made from letters and words. these poems do not have meaningful messages; instead shapes of the letters to creat pictures |
| refrain | words, phrases, or lines repeated in intervals throughout the song |
| ballad | song that tells a story. Originally an oral verse form. compressed, dramatic, objective |
| terminal refrain | repeated after each stanza |
| incremental refrain | repeated within the stanza, generally in fized position |
| folk ballad | tells a story that is evolved over time by who sang them |
| ballad stanza | most common pattern: 4 lines rhymed abcb. falls into 8-6-8-6 syllabels |
| common meter | has two pairs of rhymes and is the same as the ballad stanza otherwise |
| literary ballad | ballad meant to be read not sung |
| blues | type of folk music, 3 line stanzas, with lines 1 and 2 being the same and the 3rd line being different but end rhyming with lines 1 and 2 |
| rap | type of music with spoken lyrics to a rhythmic and driving beat |
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