human geography settlements and urban landscape
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Created by:
got2luvfluffy on April 21, 2010
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human geography settlements and urban landscape
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 annexation | legally adding land area to a city in the United States |
| CBD | Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial (and sometimes cultural) heart of a city. It is dominated shops and offices many of which are found in tall skyscrapers. |
| Central Place Theory | A theory formulated by Walter Christaller in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations. |
| Command and control centers | Second level of cities that contains the headquarters of many large corporations, well-developed banking facilities, and concentrations of other business services, including insurance, accounting, advertising, law, and public relations. |
| Concentric Zone Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Density Gradient | the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery |
| Edge cities | clusters of large buildings away from the central business district |
| Filtering | a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment |
| Galactic City | Developed by Harris, uses the same idea as a Peripheral Model tied together by a beltway or ring road. |
| gentrification | the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people) |
| Greenbelts | A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. |
| Market Area | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. |
| megalopolis | a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) |
| MSA | Metropolitan statistical area. 85% of people live in these.These are cities with at least 50,000 people and all the counties around the city depend upon it. |
| Multiple nuclei model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. |
| peripheral model | A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road. |
| primate city | A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital as well. |
| public housing | Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes. |
| range | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. |
| rank-size-rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
| redlining | A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. |
| renovated housing | housing maintained as result of the alternative to demolishing houses. |
| scattered site | site in which dwellings are dispersed throughout the city rather than clustered in a large project. |
| sector model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). |
| smart growth | legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland |
| sprawl | Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area. |
| threshold | the minimum number of people required to support a particular good, shop or office. For example, large stores such as Marks & Spencer have a threshold population of over 100,000, whilst shoe shops have a threshold population of about 25,000 |
| underclass | A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics. |
| urban renewal | Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private members, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers. |
| World city | Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce. |
| zone in transistion | the inner city area around the CBD. It is a zone of mixed land uses, ranging from car parks and derelict buildings to slums, cafes and older houses, often converted to offices or industrial use. |
| zoning | dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc |
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