5. The Age of Jackson 1825 - 1840
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laurenicole on April 22, 2010
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 "Corrupt Bargain" | In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State. |
| Tariff of Abomination | Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North because it put a high tax on imported goods |
| "Age of the Common Man" | term for Jackson's presidency. He felt that government should be run by common people - a democracy based on self-sufficient middle class with ideas formed by liberal education and a free press. All white men could now vote, and the increased voting rights allowed Jackson to be elected. |
| King Andrew | Jackson's lust for power and control gained him this nickname among members of the Whig party, coined when the president expanded the powers of the presidency |
| spoils system | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power, Jackson made this practice famous for the way he did it on a wide scale. |
| Peggy Eaton Affair | Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson. |
| Indian Removal Act | Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia | 1831: Indian peoples were "domestic dependent nations". Cherokees' were not independant nation. (*but overturned that ruling w/ Worcester v GA (1832) Indians were "distinct political commties")., the Supreme Court denied self-government to a Native American tribe. |
| Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it |
| trail of tears | the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma, The tragic journey of the cherokee people from their home land to indian territory between 1838 and 1839, thousands of cherokees died. |
| Nullification | The idea established by Thomas Jefferson in the VA and KY Resolutions, later adopted by John Calhoun. Idea is that the states would not have to follow a law established by the federal gov't because they made up the federal gov't. |
| Proclamation to the People of South Carolina | Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason |
| Second Bank of the U.S. | It stores deposits, makes loans to companies, issues currency, headquarters are in Philly, it sets interest rates across the USA. Jackson distrusted banks as tools of the eastern elites. he vetoed the recharter of the bank of the us in 1832 and beat Henry clay who supported the bank of the US. Caused the Panic of 1837, gets rechartered by James Madison |
| Nicholas Biddle | He was an American financier who was also president of the Bank of the United States. He was also known for his bribes. He was in charge during the bank war, where Jackson refused to deposit federal funds, which bled the bank dry. He also showed the corruption of the bank. |
| Two Party System | term that refers to the major parties- Democrat and Republican- that make up the American political system |
| Pet Banks | financial institutions friendly to Andrew Jackson's administration that received federal finds when he vetoed the Second National Bank's recharter in 1832 and removed all government deposits from it. |
| Roger Taney | He was Chief Justice for the Dred Scott case. A decision was made on March 6, 1857. Roger Taney ruled against Dred Scott. Scott was suing for freedom because of his long residence in free territory. He was denied freedom because he was property and his owner could take him into any territory and legally hold him as a slave. This court ruling was major cause in starting the Civil War. |
| Specie Circular | issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. |
| Peculiar Institution | A euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. The term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal". It was one of the key causes of the Civil War. |
| Nat Turner | Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery. |
| Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result, causing a panic. Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. |
| Webster-Hayne debate | January 19-27, 1830 regarding protectionist tariffs. The heated speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were unplanned, and stemmed from debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (this would effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). |
| Log Cabin and Cider campaign | 1840 Presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison. Harrison was the first president to campaign actively for office. He did so with the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." Democrats said he was too old for office "Give him a barrel of hard cider, and ... a pension of two thousand [dollars] a year ... and ... he will sit the remainder of his days in his log cabin." Whigs, eager to deliver what the public wanted, took advantage of this and declared that Harrison was "the log cabin and hard cider candidate," a man of the common people from the rough-and-tumble West. |
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