Flashcards: Hesi Anatomy & Physiology Terminology
All 64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abdominopelvic | Cavity Composed of the abdomen and the pelvis. |
| Absorption | Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube into the bloodstream. |
| Actin | Protein making up the I band of the Sarcomere. |
| Amino Acid | The building block of proteins. |
| Antibody | Special proteins that protect the body from foreign substances. |
| ATP | Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy of the cell. |
| Atria | Upper chambers of the heart. |
| Bile | Product of the liver that emulsifies fat. |
| Cartilage | Tissue made of cells and fibers that connect and support. |
| Ceruminous Gland | Gland of the ear that produces earwax. |
| Chromosomes | Bodies within the nucleus made of DNA and proteins called histones. |
| Cilia | Small hairlike projections on some cells. |
| CNS | Abbreviation for central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Coronal Plane | Imaginary line passing through the body from head to feet that divides the body into front and back portions. |
| Cranial Cavity | Body cavity containing the brain. |
| Diaphragm | Dome-shaped breathing muscle that seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. |
| Diffusion | Movement of materials from high concentration to lower concentration. |
| Digestion | The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. |
| Dorsal Horn | Crescent-shaped projection of gray matter within the spinal cord where the sensory neurons enter the spinal cord. |
| ECG | Abbreviation for electrocardiogram, which is a record of the electrical activity of the heart. |
| Embryo | Prenatal development time between the zygote and the fetus. |
| Endometrium | Inner lining of the uterus. |
| Enzymes | Functional proteins; their names usually end in ase. |
| Foramen Magnum | A passage in the skull bone through which the spinal cord enters the spinal column. |
| Formed Elements | The blood cells. |
| Glucose | A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits. |
| Homeostasis | The physiologic steady state that is naturally maintained within the body. |
| Hypothalamus | Portion of the brain that regulates body temperature, sleep and appetite. |
| Ingest | To eat food and drink. |
| Joints | Articulations between adjoining bones. |
| Keratin | A tough, fibrous, insoluble protein forming the primary components of skin, hair, nails, and tooth enamel. |
| Keratinized Epithelium | The dead cells of the epidermis. |
| Lacteal Vessels | Found within the villi of the intestinal wall, where fat nutrients are absorbed. |
| Ligaments | Tissue connecting bone to bone. |
| Median Plane | An imaginary line dividing the body or body part into right and left portions. |
| Mediastinum | Space within the thoracic cavity that houses all the organs of the chest except the lungs. |
| Metabolism | The sum total of uses of ATP in the body. |
| Mucous Membrane | Thin sheets of tissue cells that line body openings or canals that open to the outside of the body. |
| Myosin | A protein that makes up nearly half the proteins in muscle cells. |
| Nucleus | The control center of the cell. |
| Oral Cavity | The mouth; also known as the buccal cavity. |
| Orbits | Cavities containing the eyes. |
| Organelle | A structurally discrete component of a cell that performs a specific function. |
| pH | Measurement associated with acids and bases. |
| Phagocytosis | Engulfing of materials by certain cells of the body. |
| Plasma | The liquid portion of blood. |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Blood flow through a network of vessels between the heart and the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and the removal of carbon dioxide. |
| Ribosome | The organelle of the cell where protein synthesis takes place. |
| Sagittal | An imaginary line running from front to back that divides the body into right and left portions. |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium. |
| Sebaceous Glands | Oil glands of the skin. |
| Serous Membranes | Thin sheets of tissue that line body cavities not having exits to the outside. |
| Spinal Column | The backbone that protects the spinal cord, which runs inside of it. |
| Subcutaneous Tissue | Layer of tissue under the dermis that contains adipose tissue. |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands. |
| Synovial Membranes | Loose, connective tissue that lines the joint cavity. |
| Systemic Circulation | The general blood circulation of the body, not including the lungs. |
| Thoracic Cavity | The chest cavity. |
| Transverse Plane | An imaginary line dividing the body or body parts into top and bottom portions. |
| Vasoconstriction | A narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel. |
| Vasodilation | A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel. |
| Ventral Horns | The anterior columns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
| Ventricles | Lower chambers of the heart. |
| Zygote | The fertilized egg, from the time it is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus. |
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