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mutation a change in DNA RNA the carriers of protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell sex linked traits traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes pedigree a family tree karyotype a picture of all the chromosomes in a single cell stem cells cells that are taken out of an embryo that can be made into any kind of cell meisosis the process where the number of chromosomes is reduced in half to form sex cells thymine adenine cytocine guanine sex linked traits traits carried on the sex chromosomes; colorblindness common genetic disorders cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, down syndrome selective breeding selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next offspring cloning to make an exact copy of an organism using only one cell genetic engineering when genes are from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another orgainsm the human genome project the project dedicated to finding every DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome