1.
1883 Civil Rights Cases: court ruled that congress could not legislate against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens.
2.
American Federation of Labor: skilled craft union which was led by samuel gompers
3.
Andrew Carnegie: a steel giant that got where he was by vertical integration. He pioneered vertical integration as a way to run a corporation, and was an anti-trust advocate as well as a philanthropist.
4.
Battle Of the Little Bighorn: Sioux ambushed and destroyed Colonel George Custer's command in 1876 in this battle.
5.
Central Pacific Railroad: transcontinental railroad that started in Sacramento, CA and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH
6.
Chief Joseph: Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations
7.
Chinese Exclusion Act: It closed the door on Chinese Immigration in 1882
8.
closed shop: a company that hires only union members
9.
company town: town built for specific company ex: Pullman company town-----had own businesses and were very organized
10.
Comstock Lode: Rich deposits of silver found in Nevada in 1859.
11.
Frederick Winslow Taylor: American mechanical engineer, who wanted to improve industrial efficiency. He is known as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants
12.
Grand Army of the Republic: An organization of Union veterans that tried to get pensions paid for any disability, even if unrelated to military service, a powerful organization by 1882
13.
Great American Desert: arid area between the Mississippi Valley and Pacific Coast
14.
Greenback party: political party formed by supporters of paper money
15.
Helen Hunt Jackson: United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885)
16.
Horatio Alger: Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work
17.
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC): government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce
18.
J. Pierpont Morgan: an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. In 1892 he arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.
19.
Jim Crow Laws: Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
20.
John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
21.
Joseph Glidden: Invented barbed wire
22.
Knights of Labor: 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed
23.
long drive: Refers to the overland transport of cattle by the cowboy over the three month period. Cattle were sold to settlers and Native Americans.
24.
McKinley Tariff: American tariff whose high rates crippled sugar imports from both Cuba and Hawaii
25.
Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court case of state regulation of the railroads
26.
National Labor Union: organized in 1866 have about 600,000 members agitated for arbitration of disputes and an 8 hour workday
27.
New Immigration: Immigrants from Southern and Eastern European countries and Asia arriving in the LATE 1800s
28.
Nez Perce: Native American Tribe that will flee capture from U.S. Troops, who almost make it to Canada.
29.
Pendleton Civil Service Act: Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage.
30.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Seperate but equal facilities based upon race is constitutional
31.
promontory point: Point in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed
32.
Salvation Army: a charitable and religious organization to evangelize and to care for the poor and homeless
33.
Samuel Gompers: He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
34.
Sand Creek massacre: an attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members
35.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade
36.
Sherman Silver Purchase Act: Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency.
37.
Social Gospel: the idea that churches should address social issues, predicting that socialism would be the logical outcome of Christianity
38.
Spoils System: the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power
39.
Standard Oil: Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller
40.
Subtreasury plan: a plan was to store crops until prices raised then sell them but never worked out
41.
Terence Powderly: He was a well-known national figure as leader of the Knights of Labor from 1883-1893.
42.
the Grange: Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads
43.
Thomas Edison: Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations
44.
Thorsten Veblen: Novelist, wrote Theory of the Leisure Class, these works undermined the reputation of the industrial elite and stimulated pressures for tougher regulation of business.
45.
Union Pacific Railroad: built westward across the Great Plains starting from Omaha, Nebraska. joined central pacific in 1869
46.
William Jennings Bryan: Politician who ran for president 1896, 1900 and 1908 under Democrats, was a pro-silverite and Populist leader
47.
William Marcy Tweed: 1866-71; the "Boss" of Tamany Hall and the Democratic political machine in NYC until sent to prison in the 1870s; the symbol and epitome of political corruption in an era of excessive corruption.
48.
Wounded Knee: village in South Dakota. In 1890 it was the site of a massacre of Native North Americans in which between 150 and 370 Sioux people were killed, most of them unarmed.
49.
YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association
