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Prince Henry has wealth, wants to explore, money to be had, I'm curious, the navigator, sets up a school that teaches people to explore, puts a lot of money into this idea, finances ALL of it PORTUGESE Vasco da Gama sailed from Portugal to India Christopher Colombus accidentally discovered America and thought it was India Treaty of Tordesillas pope divides non-European word into 2 zones; Spain can trade and explore with those west of the line, and Portugal with those east of the line Ferdinand Magellan minor Portugese nobleman went to south america Conquistadors Spanish explorers who claimed land in the Americas for Spain Hernán Cortéz leader of the conquistadors; conquered Aztecs Moctezuma King of the Aztecs Francisco Pizarro leader of the conquistadors; conquers Inca Viceroys the royal officials that ran the four provinces of the New World Encomiendas plantation, sizeable farming area, controlled by one person who has the right to farm that land Bartolomé de Las Casas priest who didn't approve in enslaving natives; "lets try Africans." Later regrets decision, Spanish Peons serf, indebted, stuck there to pay off debt Peninsulares European born in Europe (initially got all the high jobs and power) Creoles Europeans born in America Mestizos Europeans + native American Mulattoes Europeans + Africans Columbian Exchange exchange between the New World and the Old World; animals, plants, disease Mercantilism to try to export more than they import in order to store up silver and gold Plantations large estates run by an owner or an owner's overseer Factory-Forts the Portuguese showed up and stayed, setting up forts, permanent settlement Shore Trading the Portuguese showed up got their stuff and left Affonso I ruler of Kongo in Africa, tutored by a missionary, was king, spoke out against slavery Olaudah Equiano enslaved African in the national trade network Triangular Trade a series of Atlantic trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and Americans, European good, guns and cash for slaves in Africa 2nd slaves to Americas for sugar molasses and plantation products then those were traded for colonial goods like furs and salt fish, colonial goods were traded in Europe Middle Passage horrible, slaves traveling to America, enslaved, taken to ports, held until Europeans arrived, packed into slave ships, perilous journey, diseases, up to half of them died, "floating coffins", suicide, many died and believed they would return to Africa if they died