AP Psychology- Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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marilynlapu96 on April 25, 2010
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychological disorder | deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns |
| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
| medical model | the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured; when applied to psychological disorders, it assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital |
| DSM-IV | the American Psychiatric Association's "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (fourth edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
| anxiety disorders | psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations |
| phobia | an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) |
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience |
| mood disorders | psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes |
| major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities |
| mania | a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| schizophrenia | a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions |
| delusions | false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders |
| personality disorders | psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
| antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist |
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