stomach, pharynx, swallowing, and esophagus
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Created by:
rachelmann on April 26, 2010
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chyme | soupy or pasty mixture of semi-digested food |
| lesser curvature | extends the short distance of the stomach from the esophagus to the duodenum along the medial to superior aspect |
| greater curvature | extends the longer distance of the stomach from the esophagus to the duodenum along the lateral to inferior aspect |
| cardiac region | small area within three cm of the cardiac orifice |
| fundic region | dome-shaped portion superior to the esophageal attachment |
| body | the greatest part of the stomach distal to the cardiac orifice |
| pyloric region | slightly narrower pouch at the inferior end of the stomach |
| antrum | subdivision of the pyloric region; funnel-like |
| pyloric canal | subdivision of the pyloric region; narrower |
| pylorus | subdivision of the pyloric region; latter terminates, narrow passage into the duodenum |
| pyloric sphincter | thick ring of smooth muscle that surrounds the pylorus which regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum |
| gastric pits | depressions in the gastric mucosa lined with the same columnar epithelium as the surface |
| cardiac glands | glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit in the cardiac region |
| pyloric glands | glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit in the pyloric region |
| gastric glands | glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit in the rest of the stomach |
| mucous cells | secrete mucus; predominate in the cardiac and pyloric glands; mucous neck cells in the gastric glands |
| regenerative cells | found in the base of the pit and neck of the gland, divide rapidly and produce a continual supply of new cells |
| parietal cells | secrete HCl, intrinsic factor, and ghrelin; found mostly in gastric glands |
| chief cells | most numerous; secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen; dominate the lower half of the gastric glands |
| enteroendocrine cells | concentrated especially in the lower end of the gland, secrete hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate digestion; occur in all regions of the stomach |
| esophageal hiatus | where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm |
| cardiac orifice | opening of the esophagus into the stomach |
| lower esophageal sphincter | stops food before entering the stomach; prevents stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus |
| esophageal glands | secrete lubricating mucus into the lumen |
| muscularis externa | composed of skeletal muscle in the upper 1/3 of the esophagus, mixture of skeletal and smooth in middle 1/3 and smooth muscle in the lower 1/3 |
| pharyngeal constrictors | divisions of the circular muscle; force food downward during swallowing |
| upper esophageal sphincter | when food is not being swallowed, the inferior constrictor remains contracted to exclude air from the esophagus; physiological sphincter because it disappears at the time of death |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| swallowing center | pair of nuclei in the medulla oblongata that coordinate swallowing; communicates with muscles of the pharynx and esophagus by way of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves |
| buccal phase | first phase of swallowing; voluntary control;tongue collects food, forms bolus, and pushes it posteriorly and enters the laryngopharynx |
| pharyngoesophageal phase | second phase of swallowing; involuntary |
| peristalsis | wave of muscular contractions that pushes the bolus ahead of it. |
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