| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Pyramid Structure | used by Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush – assistants report through a hierarchy to a chief of staff, who then deals with the president |
| Circular Structure | used by Carter – cabinet secretaries and assistants report directly to the president |
| Ad Hoc Structure | used by Clinton – task forces, committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president |
| constraints on program planning | length of time; unexpected crisis; nature of federal government |
| Trustee vs Delegate approach | trustee--do what is best regardless of voter opinion; delegate--do what the voters want |
Combine with other sets
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