| Term | Definition |
|---|
| freedmen | the former slaves |
| Freedman's Bureau | a federal government organization established in 1865 that helped the newly freed slaves after the Civil War |
| Reconstruction | the period immediately after the Civil War when the South rebuilt and the southern states returned to the Union |
| disfranchise | to take the right to vote away from someone or some group |
| Thirteenth Amendment | an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, that made slavery illegal |
| nullify | to declare invalid |
| provisional | temporary |
| discrimination | unfair treatment of a person or group because of prejudice |
| Black Code | a set of laws passed by Georgia, and most southern states, after the Civil War to restrict the rights of the freedmen. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, that granted citizenship to the former slaves and forbade the states from denying anyone the "equal protection of the law" |
| Carperbagger | a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war |
| scalawag | a southerner who supported the republicans during reconstruction |
| Ku Klux Klan | a secret racist organization, formed in 1865, that worked to keep the freedmen from voting after the Civil War |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Georgia Act | a legislation passed by congress in 1869 that returned Georgia to military rule and required the state to ratify the fifteenth amendment |
| Fifteenth Amendment | an amendment to the U.S. constitution, ratified in 1870, that extended the right to vote to all males. |
| impeach | to bring charges against a public official while that person is still in office |
| sharecropping | an agricultural system common after the civil war where landless farmers worked the land of a landowner who also suppplied a house, farming tols and animals, seed, and fertilizer in return for a share of harvest. |
| redemption | the period immediately following reconstruction when Georgia worked to recover from Reconstruction |
| white supremacy | the belief that the white race is superior to any other race |
| credit | the ability to buy something now and pay for it later or over a period of time |
| tenant farming | an agricultural system common after the civil war where landless farmers worked the land of a landowner in exchange for cash or an agreed-upon share of the harvest; usually owned some agricultural equipment and animals |
| Bourbon Triumvirate | the name given to three Georgia leaders-Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon |
| Ally | one who shares a common cause |
| temperance | the anti-alcohol movement |
| convict lease system | a system in georgia after the civil war in which prisoners were leased to companies for their labor; companies were supposed to provide housing and food |
| new south | a term coined by henry w. grady and used to describe the southern states after reconstruction |
| normal school | a teacher-training school |
| segregate | to separate by race |
| grange | the patrons of husbandry, a farmers' organization, organized in 1867; it influenced the establishment of a state department of agriculture. |
| farmers' alliance | a farmers' organization founded in the late 1870's; it worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the government's tight money policy |
| co-op | a cooperative buying store that allows members to buy goods and equipment directly from producers |
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