Meiosis and Mitosis
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Meiosis | the formation of gametes (n) |
| fertilization | fusion of egg and sperm (2n) |
| mitosis | nuclear division (2n) |
| differentiation | cells specialize |
| sexual reproduction | always involves the fusion of egg and sperm |
| asexual reproduction | does not involve and egg and sperm |
| gonads | sex organs |
| gametes | sex cells |
| centromere | the central point that connects 2 chromatids |
| chromatin | the visible mass of DNA that forms when the cell prepares to divide |
| tetrad | homologous chromosomes which have replicated and paired off |
| chromatids | 2 chromosomes connected at a centromere (immature form) |
| somatic cell | any body cell (diploid) |
| sex cell | egg or sperm (monoploid) |
| diploid | 2n represents _______ |
| monoploid | n represents ________ |
| haploid | another word for monoploid? |
| Mitosis | reproduction of the cell, a form of asexual reproduction |
| mitosis | always results in 2 identical daughter cells |
| mitosis | occurs constantly for some cells only a few time for others |
| meiosis | produces sex cells; necessary for sexual reproduction |
| meiosis | only occurs in sex organs |
| meiosis | results in 4 cells which are monoploid |
| meiosis | produces genetically different cells and is therefore the cause of variation among offspring |
| fertilization | fusion of egg and sperm |
| fertilization | restores the diploid number of chromosomes |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that code for the same traits and at the same place |
| interphase | in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes double just before entering the next stage |
| early prophase | in which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate? |
| early prophase | in which phase of mitosis does the centriole double and begin to move to the opposite side of the cell? |
| late prophase | in which phase of mitosis do the spindle fibers form? |
| late prophase | which phase are the nuclear membrane and nucleolus gone and centrioles at opposites sides of the cell? |
| metaphase | which phase do the spindle fibers and asters form? |
| metaphase | which phase do the chromatids connect to the spindle fibers by their centromires? |
| animal cells | which cells do asters form in? |
| anaphase | which phase does the centromire double? |
| anaphase | in which phase do the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the spindle? |
| telophase | in which phase do the chromatids reach opposite ends of the cell and a furrow forms? |
| telophase | which phase does the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform at each end? |
| telophase | when does the cell membrane begin to split? |
| cytokinesis | when does the rest of the cell divide during telaphase? |
| interphase | which of the following is not mitosis? prophase, telophase, or interphase? |
| meiosis II | what part of meiosis is the same as mitosis? |
| late prophase | when does synapsis occur? |
| because it determines which chromosomes, and therefore, character traits will be together in one sex cell. | why is the lineup of the homologous chromosome pairs so important? |
| gametogenesis | what is the formation of gametes? |
| spermatogenesis | what is the formation of sperm? |
| oogenesis | what is the formation of eggs? |
| there is a stage after meiosis is complete where the sperm must grow tails and mature | how is the formation of sperm different then regular meiosis? |
| in both telephases the cell split unevenly making one larger then the rest, in the end only one egg is made and 3 polar bodies denigrate | how is the formation of eggs different then regular meiosis? |
| a cell plate | what forms instead of a furrow in a plant cell? |
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