10th Grade TAKS Science Vocab: Objective 4
About this set
Created by:
phantomOmega on March 21, 2008
Subjects:
Description:
"The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structures and properties of matter."
Classes:
physics cross roads 1st pd, TAKS 7th period, BURTON HS SCIENCE
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Compound | Composed of atoms of different substances that are chemically combined |
| Element | A substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances |
| Mixture | Combination of substances that do not combine chemically but do retain their individual properties |
| Physical properties | Characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material |
| Buoyancy | Ability of a fluid to exert and upward force on an object immersed in the fluid |
| Density | A ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume |
| Fluid | A material that flows and has no definite shape |
| Viscosity | A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow. |
| Law of conservation of mass | State that mass is neither created nor destroyed |
| Balanced chemical equation | Reaction in which the number of atoms of each kind of element is equal of both sides |
| Physical change | Alters the properties of a substance, but not its chemical composition |
| Rock cycle | Continuous dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock |
| Igneous rock | Rock formed from magma hardening (physical change) |
| Sedimentary rock | Rock formed from rock fragments being compacted (physical change) |
| Metamorphic rock | Rock formed when heat and pressure are applied to other rocks, these new rocks have new chemical composition (chemical change) |
| State of matter | Physical forms in which all matter naturally exists |
| Chemical change | Process involving one or more substances changing into new substances |
| Digestion | The process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds |
| Periodic group | A column of elements on the periodic table, these elements will have similar properties |
| Alkali metals | Elements in group 1A, very reactive, contain one valence electron |
| Noble Gases | Elements in group 8A, are not reactive, contain 8 valence electrons |
| Halogens | Elements in group 7A, very reactive, contain 7 valence electrons |
| Oxidation | The loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance |
| Rusting | The oxidation of iron |
| Solubility | The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure |
| Solute | The substance that dissolves |
| Solution | Uniform mixture that may contain solids, lquids, or gases |
| Solvent | The dissolving medium |
| Universal solvent | Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes |
| Polar | Description of covalent solid in which electrons are shared unequally given the molecule charged parts |
| Acid | A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and turns blue litmus paper red |
| Base | A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue |
| Condensation | The process by which gas such as water vapor changes to liquid such as water- how clouds are formed |
| Precipitation | Forms of water such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail that fall from clouds and reach the earth's surface |
| Evaporation | The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state, such as water vapor |
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