integumentary system and body membranes
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Created by:
earthangel11784 on April 28, 2010
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 membrane | a thin, sheetlike structure that covers and prtects the body surface, line body cavities, and cover the inner surfaces of hollow organs. ex (digestive, reproductive, and respiratory ) |
| 2 major types of body membranes | 1.) Epithelial membrane 2.) connective tissue membrane |
| Epithelial membrane | composed of epithelial tissue and an undelying layer of specialized connective tissue |
| connective tissue membrane | composed exvlusively of various types of connective tissue; no epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane |
| 3 types of epithelial tissue membrane in the body | 1.) cutaneous membrane 2.) serous membrane 3.) mucous membrane |
| cutaneous membrane | the skin, primary organ of the integumentary system, one of the most important, one of the largest and most visible organ |
| serous membrane | composed of two distinct layers of tissue. 1st layer lines body cavities and the 2nd covers the organs in those cavities. |
| basement membrane | very thin, gluelike connective tissue that holds and supports the epithelial cells |
| parietal portion | lines the walls of a body cavity |
| visceral portion | covers the surface of organs found in the body cavities |
| pleura | a serous membrane in the thoracic cavity |
| peritoneum | serous membrances in the abdominal cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the serous membrane in the abdominal cavity |
| mucous membranes | epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior. ex( lining the respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts.) |
| mucocutaneous junction | the transitional area that serves as a point of "fusion" where skin and mucous membranes meet |
| synovial membranes | lining the spaces between bones and joints that are classified as connective tissue membranes |
| synovial fluid | smooth and slick and secrete a think, colorless lubricating fluid |
| bursae | helps reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of bones in teh movable joints. Also known as small cushionlike sacs |
| epidermis | the outermost layer of the skin. Stratified squamous epithelium |
| dermis | the deeper of the two layers. Made up of large connective tissue. |
| subcutaneous tissue/ hypodermis | thick layer of loose connective tissuse and fat |
| statum germinativum | cells of the innermost layer |
| keratin | nature's most unique proteins. Tough, waterproof material that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin w/ a horny, abrasion- resistant, and protective quality. |
| stratum corneum | the though outer layer of the epidermis |
| pigment | substance the gives color to the skin |
| melanin | the brown pigment. precents the sunds harmful ultraviolet rays from penetrating the interior of the body |
| melanocytes | specialized cells in the pigment layer that produce melanin |
| cyanosis | the skin turns a bluish gray color |
| dermal-epidermal junction | exists between the thin epidermal layer of the skin above and the dermal layer below |
| dermal papillae | upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and forms the ridges and groves of fingerprints |
| follicles | specialized structures required for hair growth |
| lanugo | hair of a newborn infant. extemely fine and soft |
| hair papilla | small cap shaped cluster of cells and is located at the base of the follicle |
| arrector pili | tiny smooth involuntary muscle. Produces goosebumps |
| Meissner corpuscle | generally located close to the skin surface. Capable of dectecting sensations of light touch. |
| Pacini corpuscle | deep in the dermis. Capable of detecting pressure |
| nail body | visible part of the nail |
| root | rest of the nail |
| cuticle | lies in a groove and is hidden by a fold of skin |
| lunula | crescent shaped white area. "little moon" |
| sudoriferous gland | glands that secrete sweat. Also known as the sweat gland |
| 2 groups of sweat glands | 1.) eccrine 2.) apocrine |
| eccrine | the more numerous, important, and wide spread sweat glands in the body. They producetransparetn, watery liquid.. also known as sweat |
| apocrine | found primarily in the skin in the armpit and in the pigmented skin areas around the genitals |
| sebaceous gland | secrete oil for the hair and skin |
| sebum | secretion that lubricates the hair and skin |
| 3 most common types of skin cancer | 1.) squamouse 2.)basal 3.)malignant |
| Kaposi sarcoma | rare form of skin cancer frequently associated with AIDS and other immune deficiencies |
| squamous cell carcinoma | is a slow growing malignant tumor of the epidermis |
| Basal cell carcinoma | the mose common type fo skin cancer, usually appears on the upper face. |
| Melanoma | the most seriousform of skin caner. |
| most important functions of the skin | 1.) protection 2.) temperature regulation 3.) sense organ activity |
| "rules of nines" | one of the most commonly used methods of determining the extent of a burn injury. Dividing the body into 11 areas of 9% each helps to estimate the amout of skin surface burned in an adult |
| 1st degree burn | causes minor discomfort and some reddening of the skin. epidermis may peel in 1-3 days, no blistering occurs |
| 2nd degree burn | involves the deep epidermal layers and always causes injury to the upper layer of the dermis. Damages sweat glands, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. |
| 3rd degree burn | full-thinkness burn, characterized by complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis.Tissue death extends below the primary skin layers into the subcutaneous tissue. |
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