Biology Test Quarter 4
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109 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Prokaryotic | What are all bacteria? |
| Obligate aerobe | must have O2 to live |
| obligate anaerobe | O2 kills it |
| facultative anaerobe | can survive with or w/o O2 |
| Gram positive | Peptidoglycan as cell wall |
| ... | gram phospolipid cell wall |
| traps sunlight like plants | photoautotroph |
| uses ammonia or sulfur to make food | chemoautotroph |
| consumes food | chemoheterotroph |
| consumes nonliving things | saprobe |
| consumes living things | parasite |
| when cells replicate DNA and split in half | binary fission |
| exchange of genetic material | conjugation |
| endospores | thick internal walls that enclose DNA and portion of cytoplasm |
| anaerobes, produce methane | methanogens |
| live in saltwater | halophiles |
| like it hot...usually live deep in the sea plasmodium | thermophiles |
| plasmodium | malarial parasite |
| happens in the gut | mosquito sexual reproduction |
| happens in the human | mosquito asexual reproduction |
| produced to migrate to saliva gland | sporozite |
| stuff that lives in red blood cells | merozite |
| where malaria parasite grows in stomach of mosquito | oocyst |
| liver | mosquito targets this |
| saliva gland | mosquito also targets this |
| gamete precursor | gametocyte |
| most primitive fungi | chytridiomycota |
| mold | zygomycota |
| sac fungi | ascomycota |
| club fungi | basidiomycota |
| imperfect fungus | deuteromycota |
| need to consume food...no chloroplasts | chemoheterotrophic |
| really hard cell wall made of carbohydrate. Fungi have chitin. So do lobsters. | chitin |
| decomposes dead stuff | exoenzyme |
| wheat fungus | rust |
| corn fungus | smut |
| fungi exist primarily this way | hyphae |
| mass of hyphae | mycelium |
| crosswalled hyphae | septa |
| no septa | coenocytic |
| reproductive structure that makes nonmotile spores | fruiting body |
| attaches to roots of plants | mycorrhizae |
| fungus/algae connection, good environmental indicator of nitrogen | lichen |
| reproductive vessel of mushrooms that carries cells and germinates wherever it lands | spore |
| when mushrooms mate | plasmogamy |
| when each mushrooom cells' have 2 nuclei from that point on | dikaryotic |
| fusion of nuclei | karyogamy |
| the lining of mushroom gills | basidia |
| nucleus, eukaryotic | what do all protists have in common |
| fungus like, plant like, and animal like | 3 groups of protists |
| cell wall lacks chitin, don't reproduce like plants/not all plant structures in place, and unicellular | why are they labeled as protists |
| they're sacrotrophs (decomposers, external digesters) | how do fungus like protists get food |
| they're autotrophic | where do plantlikes get their food? |
| they're heterotrophs | how do animal-likes eat |
| acrasymocota. Extreme | cellular slime mold |
| myxomycota-makes spores | plasmodial slime molds |
| oomycota--ecologically significant, parasitic to fish | water molds |
| water molds on potatoes got all food and water from soil so taters died | what caused the potato famine? |
| they have ecological significance | why study slime molds |
| animal like protists | protozoans |
| amoeba | sarcodina |
| fake feet | pseudopodia |
| how protozoans move | locomotion structure |
| zoomastigina | zooflagellates |
| lives in termites and helps them digest cellulose in wood | trichonympha |
| use cilia to move | ciliophora |
| ciliates use them to remove excess water from cells | contractual vacuoles |
| breaststroke-like motions, usually many of them on a cell | cilia |
| slow, undulating motions, usually just one or two on a cell | flagella |
| no locomotion structure | sporozora |
| produce as much as 70% of our oxygen | algae |
| lives in freshwater ponds and have chloroplasts | euglenas |
| shells made of silica, all unique shapes | diatoms |
| dinoflagellates, also called phytoplankton | bacillanophyta |
| caused by blooms of phytoplankton that kill marine wildlife and fish | red tide |
| excessive numbers of phytoplankton | bloom |
| fire plants | pyrrophyta |
| contains pectin in cell walls; live in colonies, golden colored chloroplasts | chrysophyta |
| multicellular plantlike protists | chlorophya |
| chlamydonas | unicellular green algae |
| spyrogyra | colonial green algae |
| ulva | multicellular green algae |
| phaeophyta | brown algae |
| rhodophyta | red algae |
| abundant in red algae, also in a lot of foods like ice cream and in toothpaste | carrageenan |
| no internal vascular system, no flowers or cones, photosynthesis happens anywhere in plantlike | why are plantlikes not true plants |
| ulva switches back and forth between haploid and diploid during their life cycles. Children have haploid, their children have dipoloid, grandchildren have haploid, etc. | switching generations |
| sporophyte, 2n | diploid |
| gametophytes | haploid |
| prokaryote, peptidoglycanic cell wall, unicellular, auto/heterotrophic | eubacteria |
| prokaryote, cell walls without peptidoglycan, unicellular, auto/heterotrophic | archaebacteria |
| eukaryotes, cellulose cell walls, unicellular, some colonial and some multicellular, auto/heterotrophic | protista |
| eukaryotes, cell walls are chitin, most multicellular, all heterotrophic | fungi |
| no nucleus, dna is floating around | prokaryote |
| nucleus; dna is contained inside nucleus | eukaryote |
| protein/suger polymer layer over cell membrane that protects cells | peptidoglycan |
| makes own food | autotroph |
| must eat/consume | heterotroph |
| weird, live in extreme places | archaea |
| normal | bacteria |
| some destroy cells and some produce toxins | how do bacteria cause diseases |
| get vaccinated; use antibiotics | how do you prevent bacterial diseases |
| sterilization by heat, disinfection, proper food storage and processing | how do you control bacteria populations |
| cook above 140, chill below 40 | proper food processing |
| makes bacteria more resistant, kills good bacteria as well as bad | misuse of antibiotics |
| core of DNA/RNA surrounded by protien coating called capsid | virus parts |
| nanomillimeter small | how small is a virus |
| ONLY within a host cell | where do viruses reproduce |
| no, because viruses are not alive | do antibiotics work on viruses |
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