chemistry 18.2/3
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Created by:
mlmoody Plus on April 30, 2010
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 substituted hydrocarbons | compounds whose structure is the same as hydrocarbons except for the substitution of atoms of another element for hydrogen |
| functional group | part of a molecule that has a specific arrangement of atoms that is largely responsible for the chemical behavior of the parent molecule |
| halogenated compounds | structure is R-X where X=F, Cl, Br or I; used for refrigerants and pesticides; example is chloroform |
| alcohols | structure is R-O-H; examples are methanol and cholesterol |
| hydroxyl group | -OH |
| carboxyl group | -COOH |
| carboxylic acid | structure is oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon which is also bonded to a hydroxyl group and the hydrocarbon; acid and have an odor; examples include vinegar and citric acid |
| esters | derived from carboxylic acids in which the -OH has been replaced with an -OR from alcohol; strong aroma; used in flavoring and fragrances; banana oil is an example |
| ether | structure is R-O-R; unreactive; used in anesthetics |
| -CO | carbonyl group |
| ketones & aldehydes | carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom (-CO); very reactive and has an odor; examples include acetone, formaldehyde & vanilla flavoring |
| amino group | -NH2 |
| amines & amides | contain an amino group and make up amino acids; give the odor to some cheeses |
| polymer | a large molecule that is made up of many smaller repeating units |
| monomers | small individual units that bond together in chains to form polymers |
| polymerization | type of chemical reaction in which monomers are linked together to make large chains |
| addition reactions | monomers that contain double bonds add onto each other to form long chains |
| condensation reactions | monomers are added to form chains, however, with every new bond formed a small molecule - usually water - also forms from atoms of the monomers |
| cross-linking | involves linking together many polymer chains to give additional strength to the polymer |
| plastics | polymers that can be molded into different shapes |
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